Impact of various lambda values on engine performance, combustion and emissions of a SI engine fueled with methanol-gasoline blends at full engine load

The aim of this study is to investigate experimentally the effects of methanol-gasoline fuel blend on engine performance, combustion process, and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition (SI) engine under various lambda values at full engine load. Firstly, the methanol was blended with gasoline by volume fraction of 20%, which renamed as M20. The experiments were performed a constant engine speed at 2000 rpm and full load conditions. Then, the M20 fuel blend effects on the engine performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics were compared with pure gasoline fuel in terms of brake engine torque, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), thermal efficiency, combustion process, CO, CO2, HC and NO emissions at three different lambda values such as 0.8, 1, 1.2. It was found that the addition of methanol substantially affected the engine performance, combustion process, and exhaust emissions at various lambda values. The methanol properties such as higher oxygen content, octane number, laminar flame speed (LFS), latent heat vaporization, and lower calorific value, and also the variation of the air-fuel ratio of the test fuels substantially influenced on the test results. Furthermore, these properties considerably affected the combustion characteristics such as ignition delay (ID), and combustion duration (CD). According to obtained results, the highest engine performance was observed for gasoline at λ=1. The M20 test fuel was exhibited a better combustion process when at λ=0.8 among other lambdas compared to gasoline. However, the best emission performance was obtained at λ=1 for the M20. Thus, the M20 test fuel can be used as a fuel considering the combustion and exhaust emissions. Overall, the engine performance, combustion, and exhaust emission characteristics are considerably affected by the variety of air-fuel ratio, oxygen content, octane number, LFS, and latent heat vaporization properties.

Keywords:

Methanol-gasoline blend, various lambda, engine performance, combustion emission,

PDF

___

Demirbas, A., "Biofuels sources, biofuel policy, biofuel economy and global biofuel projections" Energy Conversion and Management, 49, 8,2106-2116.2008.
Demirbas, A., "Biofuels securing the planet’s future energy needs" Energy Conversion and Management, 50, 9,2239-2249.2009.
Sarıkoç, S., Fuels of the Diesel-Gasoline Engines and Their Properties, in Diesel and Gasoline Engines, R. Viskup, Editor. 2020, IntechOpen: Chapter-2, London,. p. 1-17.
Sarıkoç, S., Bioenergy Potential of Turkey’s Forest Sources, Biomass Energy Conversion Methods, Products, and Applications, in Renewable Energy [Working Title], T. Taner, Editor. 2020, IntechOpen: London. p. 1-22.
Danaiah, P., P.R. Kumar, and D.V. Kumar, "Effect of methanol gasoline blended fuels on the performance and emissions of SI engine" International Journal of Ambient Energy, 34, 4,175-180.2013.
Örs, İ., "Experimental investigation of the cetane improver and bioethanol addition for the use of waste cooking oil biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines" Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 42, 4 2020.
Örs, İ., A. Kahraman, and M. Ciniviz, "Performance, emission and combustion analysis of a compression ignition engine using biofuel blends" Thermal Science, 21, 1 Part B,511-522.2017.
Balki, M.K. and C. Sayin, "The effect of compression ratio on the performance, emissions and combustion of an SI (spark ignition) engine fueled with pure ethanol, methanol and unleaded gasoline" Energy, 71,194-201.2014.
Selçuk Sarıkoç, Sebahattin Ünalan, and M.İ. İlhak, "An Experimental Investigation Of The Gasoline-Methanol Fuel Blend Effects On The Engine", in 5th International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering 17-19 December 2019: İstanbul, 2019.
Agarwal, A.K., H. Karare, and A. Dhar, "Combustion, performance, emissions and particulate characterization of a methanol–gasoline blend (gasohol) fuelled medium duty spark ignition transportation engine" Fuel Processing Technology, 121,16-24.2014.
Yilmaz, İ. and M. Taştan, "Investigation of hydrogen addition to methanol-gasoline blends in an SI engine" International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43, 44,20252-20261.2018.
Akif Ceviz, M., A.K. Sen, A.K. Küleri, and İ. Volkan Öner, "Engine performance, exhaust emissions, and cyclic variations in a lean-burn SI engine fueled by gasoline–hydrogen blends" Applied Thermal Engineering, 36,314-324.2012.
Pulkrabek, W.W., "Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine", Prenrice Hall, 1997.
Li, Y., J. Gong, Y. Deng, W. Yuan, J. Fu, and B. Zhang, "Experimental comparative study on combustion, performance and emissions characteristics of methanol, ethanol and butanol in a spark ignition engine" Applied Thermal Engineering, 115,53-63.2017.
Holman, J.P., "Experimental methods for engineers/ J.P. Holman. 8th edition", Raghothaman Srinivasan, 2012.
Ileri, E., "Experimental study of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate effects on engine performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fueled with n-butanol or 1-pentanol diesel–sunflower oil blends" Energy Conversion and Management, 118,320-330.2016.
Duan, X., Y. Li, J. Liu, G. Guo, J. Fu, Q. Zhang, S. Zhang, and W. Liu, "Experimental study the effects of various compression ratios and spark timing on performance and emission of a lean-burn heavy-duty spark ignition engine fueled with methane gas and hydrogen blends" Energy, 169,558-571.2019.
Zhang, Z., T. Wang, M. Jia, Q. Wei, X. Meng, and G. Shu, "Combustion and particle number emissions of a direct injection spark ignition engine operating on ethanol/gasoline and n-butanol/gasoline blends with exhaust gas recirculation" Fuel, 130,177-188.2014.
Galloni, E., G. Fontana, S. Staccone, and F. Scala, "Performance analyses of a spark-ignition engine firing with gasoline–butanol blends at partial load operation" Energy Conversion and Management, 110,319-326.2016.
Çelik, M.B., B. Özdalyan, and F. Alkan, "The use of pure methanol as fuel at high compression ratio in a single cylinder gasoline engine" Fuel, 90, 4,1591-1598.2011.
Solmaz, H., "Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of fusel oil in a spark ignition engine" Fuel Processing Technology, 133,20-28.2015.
Zhang, B., C. Ji, and S. Wang, "Investigation on the lean combustion performance of a hydrogen-enriched n-butanol engine" Energy Conversion and Management, 136,36-43.2017.
Ji, C. and S. Wang, "Effect of hydrogen addition on lean burn performance of a spark-ignited gasoline engine at 800rpm and low loads" Fuel, 90, 3,1301-1304.2011.
Li, Y., L. Meng, K. Nithyanandan, T.H. Lee, Y. Lin, C.-f.F. Lee, and S. Liao, "Combustion, performance and emissions characteristics of a spark-ignition engine fueled with isopropanol- n -butanol-ethanol and gasoline blends" Fuel, 184,864-872.2016.
Amirabedi, M., S. Jafarmadar, and S. Khalilarya, "Experimental investigation the effect of Mn2O3 nanoparticle on the performance and emission of SI gasoline fueled with mixture of ethanol and gasoline" Applied Thermal Engineering, 149,512-519.2019.
Canakci, M., A.N. Ozsezen, E. Alptekin, and M. Eyidogan, "Impact of alcohol–gasoline fuel blends on the exhaust emission of an SI engine" Renewable Energy, 52,111-117.2013.
Kahraman, A., Ciniviz, M., Ors, I., Oguz, H., "The Effect on Performance and Exhaust Emissions of Adding Cotton Oil Methyl Ester to Diesel Fuel " International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 5, 4,148-154.2016.
Raviteja, S. and G.N. Kumar, "Effect of hydrogen addition on the performance and emission parameters of an SI engine fueled with butanol blends at stoichiometric conditions" International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 40, 30,9563-9569.2015.
Yilmaz, N., A. Atmanli, and F.M. Vigil, "Quaternary blends of diesel, biodiesel, higher alcohols and vegetable oil in a compression ignition engine" Fuel, 212,462-469.2018.
Yesilyurt, M.K., M. Aydin, Z. Yilbasi, and M. Arslan, "Investigation on the structural effects of the addition of alcohols having various chain lengths into the vegetable oil-biodiesel-diesel fuel blends: An attempt for improving the performance, combustion, and exhaust emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine" Fuel, 269,117455.2020.
Sharudin, H., N.R. Abdullah, G. Najafi, R. Mamat, and H.H. Masjuki, "Investigation of the effects of iso-butanol additives on spark ignition engine fuelled with methanol-gasoline blends" Applied Thermal Engineering, 114,593-600.2017.
Örs, İ., Sarıkoç, Selçuk, Atabani, A. E., Ünalan, Sebahattin, "Experimental investigation of effects on performance, emissions and combustion parameters of biodiesel–diesel–butanol blends in a direct-injection CI engine" Biofuels, 11, 2,121-134.2020.
Barrios, C.C., A. Domínguez-Sáez, and D. Hormigo, "Influence of hydrogen addition on combustion characteristics and particle number and size distribution emissions of a TDI diesel engine" Fuel, 199,162-168.2017.