An Experimental Investigation on The Effects of Waste Olive Oil Biodiesel on Combustion, Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions

In this study, the biodiesel obtained from the waste olive oil by transesterification method has been mixed with a 30% of diesel fuel as volume and tested with a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. The main purpose of this study is to obtain purer biodiesel from waste olive oil using methyl alcohol (CH3OH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as catalyst in the transesterification method and research performance, combustion and emission characteristics in detail in a direct injection diesel engine. The combustion, engine performance and exhaust emission values have been also compared with diesel fuel. The test engine was operated at a constant speed of 2200 rpm and different engine loads such as 3.25 Nm, 7.5 Nm, 11.25 Nm, 18.75 Nm. According to the experimental results, the thermal efficiency of biodiesel is lower by about 1% to 5% than diesel. CO is lower about 37.5 % with biodiesel than that of diesel at 18.75 Nm. CO2 is higher 41% with biodiesel than diesel at 11.25 Nm. NOx was measured 9.5% higher than diesel fuel at 18.75 Nm. Soot emissions decreased by 37.5% compared to diesel.

___

  • [1] Hasan M.M., Rahman, M.M., ‘’Performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel–diesel blend and environmental and economic impacts of biodiesel production: A review’’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 74, 938–948, (2017).
  • [2] Abbaszaadeh, A. et al., ‘’Current biodiesel production technologies: A comparative review’’, Energy Conversion and Management, 63, 138–148, (2012).
  • [3] Karmakar, A., Karmakar, S., Mukherjee, S., ‘’Properties of various plants and animals feedstocks for biodiesel production’’, Bioresource Technology, 101(19), 7201–7210, (2010).
  • [4] Talebian-Kiakalaieh, A., Amin, N.A.S., Mazaheri, H., ‘’A review on novel processes of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil’’, Applied Energy, 104, 683–710, (2013).
  • [5] Haşimoğlu, C., İçingür, Y., Özsert, İ., ‘’Turbo şarjlı bir dizel motorda yakıt olarak biyodizel kullanılmasının motor performans ve egzoz emisyonlarına etkisi,’’ Gazi Üniv. Müh. Mim. Fak. Dergisi, 23(1), 207–213, (2008).
  • [6] Sinha, S., Agarwal, A.K., Garg, S., ‘’Biodiesel development from rice bran oil: Transesterification process optimization and fuel characterization’’, Energy Conversion and Management, 49(5), 1248–1257, (2008).
  • [7] Zhang, Y., Dubé, M.A., McLean, D.D., Kates, M., ‘’Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: 1. Process design and technological assessment’’, Bioresource Technology, 89(1), 1–16, (2003).
  • [8] Pilar Dorado, M., Ballesteros, E., Mittelbach, M., Lopez, F.J., ‘’Kinematic Parameters Affecting the Alkali-Catalyzed Transesterfication Process of Used Oliver oil’’, Energy Fuels, 18(5), 1457-1467, (2004).
  • [9] Abed, K.A., El Morsi, A.K., Sayed, M.M., El Shaib, A.A., Gad, M.S., ‘’Effect of waste cooking-oil Biodiesel on Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine’’, Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 28, 985-989, (2018).
  • [10] Gao, Y., Chen, Y., Gu, J., Xin, Z., Sun, S., ‘’Butyl-biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: Kinetics, Fuel Properties and Emission Performance’’, Fuel, 236, 1489-1495, (2019).
  • [11] Shen, X., Shi, J., Cao, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, W., Wu, H., ‘’Real-World Exhaust Emissions and Fuelo Consumption for Diesel Vehicles Fueled by Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Blends’’, Atmospheric Environment, 191, 249-257, (2018).
  • [12] Yesilyurt, M.K., ‘’The Effects of The Fuel Injection Pressure on The Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel-Diesel Blends’’, Renewable Energy, 132, 649-666, (2019).
  • [13] Akar, M.A., Kekilli, E., Bas, O., Yıldızhan, S., Serin, H., Ozcanlı, M., ‘’Hydrogen Enriched Waste Oil Biodisel Usage in Compression Ignite Engine’’, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43, 18046-18052, (2018).
  • [14] Rajak, U., Verma, T.N., ‘’Effect of Emission from Ethylic Biodiesel of Edible and Non-edible Vegetable Oil, Animal Fats, Waste Oil and Alcohol ib CI engine’’, Energy Conversion and Management, 166, 704-718, (2018).
  • [15] Gharehghani, A., Mirsalim, M., Hosseini, R., ‘’Effects of Waste Fish Oil Biodisel on Diesel Engine Combustion Characteristics and Emission’’, Renewable Energy, 101, 930-936, (2017).[16] Garcia-Martin, J.F., Barrios, C.C., Ales-Alvarez, F.J., Dominguez-Saez, A., Alvarex-Mateos, P., ‘’Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil in an Oscillatory Flow Reactor: Performance as a Fule on a TDI Diesel Engine’’, Renewable Energy, 125, 546-556, (2018).
  • [17] Dorado, M.P., Ballesteros, E., Arnal, J.M., Gomez, J., Lopez, F.J., ‘’Exhaust Emissions from a Diesel Engine Fuled with Transesterified Waste Olive oil’’, Fuel, 82, 1311-1315, (2003).[18] Lapuerta, M., Herreros, J.M., Lyons, L.I., Garcia-Contreras, R., Briceno, Y., ‘’Effect of the Alcohol Type Used in the Production of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel on Diesel Performance and Emission’’, Fuel, 87, 3161-3169, (2008).
  • [19] Lapuerta, M., Rodriguez-Fernandez, J., Agudelo, J.R., ‘’Diesel Particulate Emissions from Used Cooking Oil Biodiesel’’, Biosource Technology, 99, 731-740, (2008).[20] Kalligeros, S., Zannikos, F., Stournas, S., Lois, E., Anastopoulos, G., Ch. Teas, Sakellaropoulos, F., ‘’An Investigation of Using Biodeisel7Marine Diesel Blends on the Performance of a Stationary Diesel Engine’’, Biomass and Bioenergy, 224, 141-149, (2003).
  • [21] Dorado, M.P., Ballesteros, E., Arnal, J.M., Gomez, J., Lopez Gimenez, F.J., ‘’Testing Waste Olive Oil Methyl Ester as a Fule in a Diesel Engine’’, Energy Fuels, 17(6), 1560-1565, (2003).[22]Lombardini work shop manual. [Online]. Available: http://service.lombardinigroup.it/documents/Manuali Officina/English/Work Shop Manual GR 6 matr 1-5302-387.pdf , 2017.
  • [23] Heywood, J.B.,’’Internal Combustion Engines Fundamentals’’, McGraw-Hill, USA, (1988).
  • [24] Zhao, H.,’’HCCI and CAI Engines for the Automotive Industry’’, Woodhead Publishing Limited, England, (2007).
  • [25] Stone, R., 1999, ‘’Introduction to Internal Combustion Engines’’, Macmillan Press Ltd, ISBN 0- 333-74013- 0,Tesseraux, I.; Toxicoll, Lett., 2004, 149, 295-300.
  • [26] Uyumaz, A., Solmaz, H., Yılmaz, E., Yamık, H., Polat, S., ‘’Experimental Examination of The Effects of Military Aviation Fuel JP-8 and Biodiesel Fuel Blends on the Engine Performance Exhaust Emissons and Combustion in a Direct Injection Engine’’, Fuel Processing Technology, 128, 158-165, (2014).
  • [27] Uyumaz, A., ‘’Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics Of a DI Diesel Engine Fueled With Mustard Oil Biodiesel Fuel Blends At Different Engine Loads’’, Fuel, 212,256-267, (2018).
  • [28] Uyaroğlu, A., Uyumaz, A., Çelikten, İ., ‘’Comparison of the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Inedible Crambe Abyssinica Oil Biodiesel and Edible Hazelnut, Corn, Soybean, Sunflower and Canola Biodiesels’’, Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 37,4, 1438-1447, (2018).
  • [29] Can, Ö., Öztürk, E., Solmaz, H., Aksoy, F., Çınar, C., Yücesu, H.S., ‘’Combined effects of soybean biodiesel fuel addition and EGR application on the combustion and exhaust emissions in a diesel engine’’, Applied Thermal Engineering, 95, 115–124, (2016).
  • [30]D.H. Qi, L.M. Geng, H. Chen, Y.Z.H. Bian, J. Liu, X.C.H. Ren, ‘’Combustion and performance evaluation of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel produced from soybean crude oil’’, Renewable Energy, 34, 2706–2713, (2009).
  • [31] O. Özener, L. Yüksek, A.T. Ergenç, M. Özkan, ‘’Effects of soybean biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics’’, Fuel, 115, 875–883, (2014).
  • [32] M. Gürü, A. Koca, Ö. Can, C. Çınar, F. Şahin, ‘’Biodiesel production from waste chicken fat based sources and evaluation with Mg based additive in a diesel engine’’, Renewable Energy, 35 (3) 637–643, (2010).
  • [33] A.N. Özsezen, M. Canakci, ‘’The emission analysis of an IDI diesel engine fueled with methyl ester of waste frying palm oil and its blends’’, Biomass Bioenergy, 34,1870–1880, (2010).
  • [34] Sarıdemir, S., ‘’Biyodizel- Dizel Yakıt Karışımlarının Motor Gürültü ve Egzoz Emisyonlarına Olan Etkisi’’, in 4th International Symposium on Innovative Technologies in Engineering and Science, p. 187, (2016).
  • [35]Çelik, M., ‘’Biyodizel Yakıt Özelliklerinin Motor Performansı ve Emisyon Karakteristiklerine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi’’, Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, (2015).
  • [36]Özsezen, A.N., ‘’Atık Palmiye Yağından Üretilen Biyodizelin Motor Performans ve Emisyon Karakterleri Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi’’, Doktora Tezi, Kocaeli Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kocaeli, (2007).
  • [37] Çelik, M., Solmaz, H., Yücesu, H.S., ‘’Pamuk Metil Esterine N-Heptan Katkısının Motor Performansı Ve Yanma Karakteristiklerine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi’’, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 30, 3, 361-369, (2015).
  • [38] İmal, M., Kaya, A., Sincar, O., ‘’Zeytinyağı Biyodizelinin Motor Performansı ve Egzoz Emisyonu Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi’’, KSU Journal of Natural Sciences, 20(3), 283–291, (2017).
  • [39] Çelik, M., Solmaz, H., Yücesu, H.S., ‘’Examination of the effects of organic based manganese fuel additive on combustion and engine performance’’, Fuel Processing Technology, 139, 100–107, (2015).
  • [40]Tillem, İ., ‘’Dizel Motorlar İçin Alternatif Yakıt Olarak Biyodizel Üretimi ve Kullanımı’’, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Denizli, (2005).
  • [42]Eliçin, A.K., ‘’Biyodizel Yakıtla Çalıştırılan Küçük Güçlü Bir Dizel Motorun Performans ve Emisyonuna Giriş Hava Basıncı Etkisinin Deneysel Olarak Araştırılması’, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, (2011).
  • [43] Ilgazlı, Ö., ‘’Değiştirilebilir Sıkıştırma Oranına Sahip Bir Sıkıştırma Ateşlemeli Motorda Diesel-Biodiesel Karışımlarının Motor Performansına ve Emisyonlarına Etkisinin Araştırılması’’, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, (2010).
  • [44]Reşitoğlu, A.İ., ‘’Atık Yağlardan Üreti̇lmiş Bi̇yodi̇zeli̇n Motor Performans ve Egzoz Emi̇syonuna Etki̇si̇ni̇n Deneysel Olarak Araştırılması’’, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mersin Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Mersin, (2010).
  • [45] Kaya, M., ‘’Bi̇yodi̇zel Dizel Karışımı Kullanılan Bir Di̇zel Motorda Püskürtme Basıncının Performans ve Emi̇syonlara Etki̇si̇’’, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, (2010).