Endokrin Bozucu Kimyasallar: Nonilfenol ve Bisfenol A

Teknoloji ve bilimin ilerlemesi, insan hayatını önemli ölçüde kolaylaştırmış ancak çeşitli olumsuzlukları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Çevrede mevcut olan kimyasallar canlılığı olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu maddeler gıda katkı maddeleri, kozmetik ve ilaç sanayide kullanılan kimyasallar, pestisitler, herbisitler, sigara dumanı ve alkoller gibi bileşiklerdir. Kirleticilerin canlıların sağlığı üzerindeki olası olumsuz etkileri giderek artmakta özellikle de canlıların endokrin sistemini etkilemektedir. Endokrin çevre bozucu kimyasalların başında çoğu endüstride kullanılan nonilfenol (NF) ve bisfenol A (BFA) gibi bileşikler yer almaktadır. Genelde parçalanabilir olan bu maddeler arıtma tesislerinde uzaklaştırılabilmelerine rağmen, indirgenmiş konsantrasyonlarda atık sularla nehir ve çaylara (akarsulara) verilmektedir. Bu şekilde de biyolojik döngüye katılarak biyokütle tarafından depolanmaktadır. Ksenoöstrojenik olarak adlandırılan bu kimyasallar, endüstride ve evlerdeki çeşitli kullanımları yanında, deterjan, sabun ve temizlik maddelerinin ana bileşeni olarak da büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu kimyasalların çoğu veya bunların parçalanma ürünleri mutajenik, östrojenik, toksik veya karsinojenik olabilmektedir. Ayrıca üreme ve gelişmede görev yapan östrojen, progesteron, androjen ve diğer hormonların metabolik faaliyetlerini, hormon reseptör bölgelerine bağlanarak hormon gibi davranarak veya doğal hormonun spesifik reseptör bölgesine bağlanmasını engelleyerek anti-hormonal etki gösterebildiğinden, endişelerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle NF ve BFA’nın olası dolaylı veya direkt etkilerinin moleküler düzeyde incelenmesi önem arz etmekte ve önemli araştırma konuları arasında olduğu öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Nonilfenol, Bisfenol A, gen

Endocrine Disruptive Chemicals: Nonylphenol and Bisphenol A

The improvement of technology and science has facilitated human, but these brought various negative effects. The chemicals that exist in the environment affects the vitality negatively. These compounds are such as food additives, cosmetics and medicines used in industry, pesticides, herbicides, cigarette smoke and alcohols. The possible negative effects of pollutants on the health of living beings are increasing. These especially affect the endocrine system of living things. Endocrine disrupting chemical compounds are nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) which are most commonly used in the industry. These degradable materials are removed at the treatment facility, but reduced concentrations of them are given to rivers and streams. In this way, they participate in the biological cycle and stored by the biomass. These chemicals are called xenoestrogens, and they have various usage at home and industry. In addition to these, they have great importance as the main component of detergents, soaps and cleaners. Most of them or their decomposition products may be mutagenic, estrogenic, toxic or carcinogenic. In addition, they could block the metabolic activities of estrogen, progesterone, androgen and other hormones by means of adhering to the hormone receptor domain or act as anti-hormonal substances. Therefore, it is important to examine the possible indirect or direct effects of NP and BPA at the molecular level, and it is foreseen as an important research topic.

Keywords:

Endocrine disruptive chemicals, Nonlyphenol Bisphenol A, environment, gene,

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