Virüsten Ari Sarımsak Tohumluğu (Allium sativum L.) Üretiminde Meristem Kültürü: Besin Ortamı, Sıcaklık ve Kemoterapi Uygulamalarının Etkisi

Sarımsak yetiştiriciliğinde verim ve kaliteyi etkileyen en önemli etmenlerinden biri olan ve kimyasal mücadelesi olmayan virüs hastalıkları, diğer hastalık etmenlerine göre daha yıkıcı sonuçlara neden olmaktadır. Genel olarak sarımsak viral kompleksi (GVC) olarak adlandırılan Allexivirus, Potyvirus, Potexvirus, Carlavirus ve Tospovirus cinslerine ait virüsler sarımsakta zarar yapmaktadır. Virüs hastalıklarının önlenmesinde en etkili yol virüslerin kontrol altına alınmasıdır. Bu amaçla virüsten ari sarımsak tohumluğu kullanılması başlangıç bulaşmasını engellediği için hastalığın yayılmasını da önleyebilmektedir. Virüssüz sarımsak bitkilerinin geleneksel agronomik sistemler aracılığıyla üretilmesi maliyetli ve zordur. Bu sorunların üstesinden gelmek için, in vitro koşullarda meristem kültürü yoluyla çoğaltılması, özellikle termoterapi ve kemoterapi gibi uygulamalarla birleştirildiğinde kısa sürede virüssüz sarımsak tohumluğu üretmek için umut verici bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada sarımsakta virüsten ari tohumluk üretiminde kullanılan meristem kültürünün uygulanışı, besin ortamının, kültür öncesi veya sırasında yapılan sıcaklık ve kemoterapi gibi ön uygulamaların etkileri incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sarımsak, Allium sativum L., meristem kültürü, OYDV, LYSV

Meristem Culture in Production of Virus Free Garlic (Allium sativum L.): The Effect of Nutrient Medium, Termotherapy and Chemotherapy

Virus diseases, which are one of the most important factor affecting yield and quality in garlic cultivation and without chemical control, cause more devastating results than other disease factors. Viruses of the genus Allexivirus, Potyvirus, Potexvirus, Carlavirus and Tospovirus are problematic in garlic production and the viruses are collectively called as Garlic Viral Complex (GVC). The most effective way to prevent viral diseases is to control viruses. For this purpose, the use of virus-free garlic seeds can prevent the spread of the disease, as it prevents the initial contamination. Producing virus-free garlic plants through conventional agronomic systems is expensive and difficult. To overcome these problems, in vitro propagation of virus-free plants by meristem culture is a promising method to produce virus-free garlic in a short time, especially when combined with applications such as thermotherapy and chemotherapy. In this study, the application of meristem culture and the effects of pre-treatments used in the production of virus-free garlic, such as nutrient medium, thermotherapy and chemotherapy applied before or during the culture was investigated.

Keywords:

Garlic, Allium sativum L., meristem culture, OYDV, LYSV,

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