Merve Nur ERTAS OZ, Emine Burcu TURGAY, Çiğdem BOZDEMİR, Sibel BÜLBÜL

Bazı Çörek Otu Tohumlarında Fungal Floranın Tespiti

Çörek otu (Nigella sativa L.), Ranunculaceae familyasına bağlı tek yıllık tıbbi ve aromatik bir bitkidir. İçerdiği çeşitli faydalı yağlardan ötürü sağlık sektöründe kullanılan çörek otunun Türkiye’de ki ekim alanları ise gitgide artış göstermektedir. 2012 yılında çörek otu 2.299 da arazide 161 ton üretime sahip iken, 2019 yılı verilerine göre 37.085 da alana yükselmiş olup toplam üretim ise 3.603 tona çıkmıştır. Ülkemizde ise tescil almış tek bir çörek otu çeşidi (Çameli) bulunmakta olup, çörek otu ile ilgili çeşitli ıslah çalışmaları yürütülmektedir. Bu çalışma da ise Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsüne bağlı İkizce Araştırma Çiftliği, Haymana’da çörek otu ıslah materyallerinden elde edilen çörek otu tohumlarındaki fungal çeşitliliğin tespiti yapılmıştır. 2200 tohum ISTA kurallarına göre (blotter ve deep freeze blotter metodu ile) muamele edilerek 6 farklı fungus cinsi elde edilmiştir ve toplamda 772 tohumda bu funguslar tespit edilmiştir. Bu hastalıklı tohumların 432’si Alternaria sp. (%55.96) , 184’ü Ulocladium sp. (%23.84), 82’si Penicillium sp. (%10.62), 37’si Cladosporium sp. (%4.8), 12’si Fusarium spp. (%1.55), 8’i Rhizopus sp. (%1.04) ve 17’si ise steril fungus (%2.20) olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çörekotu, Nigella sativa L., Tohum mikrobiyomu, Fungal çeşitlilik, Fungal populasyon, Mikoflora

Determination of Fungal Flora in Some Black Cumin Seeds

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is an annual medicinal and aromatic plant belonging to the Ranunculaceae family. The cultivation areas of black cumin, which is used in the health sector due to the various beneficial oils it contains, are gradually increasing in Turkey. While black cumin had a production of 161 tons on 2,299 da land in 2012, it increased to 37,085 da area according to 2019 data, and the total production increased to 3,603 tons. In our country, there is only one registered black cumin variety (Çameli), and various breeding studies are carried out on black cumin . In this study, the fungal diversity in black cumin seeds obtained from black cumin breeding materials in İkizce Research Farm, Haymana, affiliated to the Field Crops Central Research Institute was determined. 6 different fungi were obtained by treating 2200 seeds according to ISTA rules (blotter and deep freeze blotter method) and 772 diseased seeds were obtained. Of the diseased seeds, 432were Alternaria sp. (55.96%), 184 of them were Ulocladium sp. (23.84%), 82 of them Penicillium sp. (10.62%), 37 of them were Cladosporium sp. (4.8%), 12 of which were Fusarium sp. (1.55%), 8 of them were Rhizopus sp. (1.04%) and 17 (2.20%) were detected as sterile fungi.

Keywords:

Black cumin, Nigella sativa L., Seed microbiome, Fungal diversity, Fungal population, Mycflora,

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