Ayşegül AKSU, Sevgi YILMAZ, Başak ERTEM MUTLU, Hasan YILMAZ

Ağaçların Bina ile Olan Mesafesinin Dış Mekan Termal Konfor Üzerine Etkisi: Erzurum Kenti Örneği

Kentleşmeyle birlikte artan kentsel ısı adası etkisi sıcak iklim bölgelerinde yazın daha fazla serinletme, soğuk iklim bölgerinde ise kışın daha fazla ısıtma talebiyle enerji kullanımının artmasına sebep olmuştur. Son yıllarda güneş enerjisinden en üst seviyede faydalanarak enerji tasarrufu sağlama, hava kirliliğini azaltmak için çözümler üretme, ısıtma ve soğutma maliyetlerini azaltmak için öneriler sunma ile ilgili birçok çalışma yapılmaktadır. Kentlerdeki yeşil alan varlığının fazla olması yansımayı azaltacağı için ısı adası etkisini de azaltmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda genellikle ağaçların soğutma etkileri vurgulanmaktadır. Ancak soğuk iklim bölgeleri için ağaçların ortamın ısınmasına olan katkıları da incelenmelidir. Bu araştırma; yüksek rakım ve soğuk iklim şartlarının hakim olduğu Erzurum kentinde, yeni bir yerleşim alanı olan Yıldızkent mevkiinde bulunan bir site bahçesinde yürütülmüştür. Bu site 16 adet villadan oluşmaktadır. Bu alanda, çevresinde bitki örtüsü bulunan bir evin birinci katına, güney ve kuzey cephelere 2 adet meteorolojik veri ölçüm cihazı yerleştirilmiştir. Aralık 2017’de araştırma alanından 24 saatlik mikroiklim verileri kaydedilmiş olup, ortalama değerleri hazırlanan senaryolar için ENVI-met yazılım programı kullanılmıştır. Bu senaryolarda, binanın ağaçlar ile olan farklı mesafelerinin termal konfor üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Mesafeler; binaya bitişik, 2m ve 4m olarak belirlenerek, hangi senaryonun konforlu olduğu analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, ağaçlar ve bina arasındaki mesafe 2m olduğunda, ortamın sıcaklığının mevcut durumdan 9.2 °C daha sıcak olduğu belirlenmiştir. Verilere ait Tahmini Ortalama Oy (PMV) analizi ile insanlar tarafından hissedilir mevcut durum ve alternatif senaryolar için haritalar oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak termal konforlu ve termal stresin olmadığı durum bitkilerin binaya 2m ve 4m aralıklarla dikildiği senaryolar olup, 0.2-0.3 °C PMV değeri belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Envi-met, PMV, soğuk şehirler, Erzurum, dış mekan termal konfor

Effect on Outdoor Thermal Comfort of the Distance Between the Building and The Trees: A Case Study Erzurum

The increasing heat island effect caused by urbanization has led to an increase in energy demand. Often the cooling effects of trees are emphasized. However, the contribution of trees to the warming of the environment for cold climatic zones should also be examined. This research; In the city of Erzurum, where there are high altitude and cold climatic conditions, it was carried out in the site garden of Yıldızkent, a new settlement area. This site consists of 16 villas. On the ground floor of a house with existing plants, two meteorological data measuring devices were placed on the south and north sides. In December 2017, 24-hour microclimate data were recorded from the research area and the ENVI-met software program was used for scenarios with average values. In these scenarios, the effect of different distances of the building with trees on thermal comfort was investigated. Distances; adjacent to the building, 2m and 4m, the scenario was analyzed which was comfortable. According to the results of the analysis, when the distance between trees and building is 2m, the temperature of the environment is 9.2 ° C warmer than the current situation. Estimated Average Votes (PMV) analysis of the data is used to create maps for current situation and alternative scenarios. As a result, thermal comfort and thermal stress are the scenarios in which the plants are planted at 2m and 4m intervals and 0.2-0.3 ° C PMV value is determined.

Keywords:

ENVI-met, PMV, cold cities, Erzurum, outdoor thermal comfort,

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