Toplumsal Mekân ve Düşünümsel bir Kent Sosyolojisinin İnşası: Bourdieucülüğün Mekâna Müdahalesini Sorunsallaştırmak

Bu yazı, Pierre Bourdieu’nün “toplumsal mekân” kavramının yeni kent sosyolojisinin en önemli yayın mecraı ve kurumsal yapısı olan International Journal of Urban and Regional Research üzerinden alanı nasıl tanımladığını, hangi kırılma noktalarına hitap ettiğini, bu kırılma noktaları aracılığıyla nasıl bir bilimsel kopuş müdahalesi, benim deyişimle doksaya yönelik bir “huruç,” tertip ettiğini açıklamayı amaçlar. Bunu yaparken IJURR’un son kırk yıldaki arşivini gözden geçirerek Bourdieu’nün kavramlarının kullanımını inceler. Yeni kent sosyolojisi ve Marksist şehirciliğin mekân anlayışı ve yorumu son kırk yılda önemli değişimler geçirdi. Ancak özellikle 2000’li yıllardan itibaren Bourdieu’nün kuramsal etkisi bir dizi araştırmayla kendini göstermeye başladı. Bu etkiyi araştırırken üç farklı durak noktasından geçmemiz gereklidir. Bu yazıda, öncelikle yeni kent sosyolojisinin ve eleştirel kentsel kuramların Chicago Okulu’na bir tepki olarak nasıl ortaya çıktığını incelenmiştir. İkinci durak noktasında, Castells’in kurucu etkisi altında kurulan yeni kent sosyolojisinin 1970’lerden 1980’lere dönüşümünü ele aldım. Üçüncü durak ise yeni kent sosyolojisinin geri çekilme noktasında Bourdieu’nün yapıtının öncelikle Anglofon sosyolojide, sonra da kent sosyolojisinde nasıl temellük edildiğiyle ilgilidir. Burada, 1980’lerden itibaren IJURR’un sayfalarında Bourdieucü sosyolojik programın nasıl ele alındığını çalıştım. Bu önemli durakta, öte yandan Bourdieu’nün metinlerinin toplumsal mekânı nasıl ele aldığı da incelenmiştir. Son kısımda, Bourdieu’nün yapıtının yeniden inşa edilmekte olan bir kent sosyolojisi için sunduğu programın eleştirisi ve kazanımları meta-kuramsal bir çerçeve içinde değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

yeni kent sosyolojisi, kentsel kuram, toplumsal mekân, Pierre Bourdieu, toplumsal mekân

Social Space and the Genesis of a Reflexive Sociology: Bourdieu’s Interventions in the Study of Space

This paper focuses on the concept of “social space,” a key concept developed by Pierre Bourdieu for advancing his sociological research program. In investigating the possible novel venues of sociological inquiry opened up by the intervention provided by Bourdieu’s use of social space, this paper ventures into the archives of International Journal of Urban and Regional Research to understand how Bourdieu’s work was reflected upon within the field of urban research in the last four decades. New urban sociology and Marxist urbanism’s understanding and interpretation of space has changed significantly throughout the years. Yet, Bourdieu had a certain theory effect, and this has acted upon a steady stream of research, especially since the 2000s. IJURR had gone through what we can call a series of theoretical ruptures in the three decades. Hence, while investigating the Bourdieu’s ouevre three important moments are animated here: first, the inherent rupture of the 1960s as a reaction to the Chicago School and its quantitative inheritors are explicated. Second moment requires a critical engagement with the new-born -or, still-birth- new urban sociology and how Manuel Castells’ theoretical approach created a new doxa in the academic field. 1970s and 1980s was a crucial point of transformation for the urbanists. In the third moment, I investigated how Bourdieu’s analysis was appropriated in the symbolic space of the sociological and urban sociological field. Bourdieu’s conceptual framework created a plethora of new approaches, however, their analytical relationship with both Bourdieu’s sociological program and the hitherto prevalent spatial imagination is frequently questioned. Here, I suggested an objectification of the Bourdieu’s theoretical and research work and tried to locate the breaks and continuities.

Keywords:

new urban sociology, urban theory, social space, Pierre Bourdieu, social space,

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ISSN: 1307-9905
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2010
Yayıncı: ADAMOR Araştırma Danışmanlık Medya Organizasyon Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti.