Güvenlikli Siteler Arası Rekabet: “Ahlâklı Kapitalizm”in Kimlik Üzerindeki Etkisi

Bu makalede güvenlikli sitelerin dış dünya, özellikle de diğer sitelerle ilişkileri incelenecektir. Ana akım literatürde güvenlikli sitelerin daha çok çevre köy/belde belediyeleriyle ilişkileri araştırılırken, diğer sitelerle ilişkileri az çalışılmış bir alan olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu amaçla, İstanbul’da aynı şirket tarafından inşa edilen iki güvenlikli sitede yapılan alan çalışması sırasında toplanan veriler kullanılacaktır: Göktürk’teki İstanbul İstanbul ve Ömerli’deki Kasaba. Alan çalışması sırasında site sakinleriyle yarı-yapılandırılmış derinlemesine mülakatlar yapılmıştır. İlk olarak farklı güvenlikli siteleri tercih sebepleri ve bunların dış dünya ile ilişkileri incelenmiştir. İkinci olarak da, 1980’li yıllardan sonra daha da vahşi bir hale bürünen üst sınıf içi rekabet tartışılarak, site sakinlerinin kimliklerini, kendini “iyi ahlak” ve “sıcak ilişkiler”le gösteren “ahlaklı kapitalizm” üzerinden kurmaları açıklanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, makale, ahlakın kapitalizmde sınıfsal pozisyona bağlı oluştuğunu göstererek, Lamont’un “sembolik sınırlar” (1992) teorisine katkı yapacaktır.

Gated Communities against Each Other: How “Moral Capitalism” Shapes Their Identities

This paper examines gated communities’ interactions with the outside realm, particularly with the other gated communities. The mainstream literature has mainly examined gated communities’ relations with nearby villages/towns occupied by local people, while underestimating their relations with other gated communities. For this purpose, the paper will use data from a field work conducted in two gated communities built by the same developer company in İstanbul: İstanbul İstanbul, located in Göktürk and Kasaba, in Ömerli. The field work comprises semi-structured in-depth interviews with residents in these two communities. This paper will analise residents’ motives for prefering to live in different gated communities, and their relations with other gated communities. By discussing the competition within upper classes which has intensified since the 1980s, this paper will demonstrate how residents establish their identities around “moral capitalism” by emphasizing “good” morality and “warmer” relations. Findings and discussion will contribute to Lamont’s “symbolic boundaries” (1992) approach by showing that morality is associated with class position embedded in capitalism. 

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