Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlarının Yenilik Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Doğrusal Olmayan ARDL Yaklaşımı

Yenilikçi firmalar daha fazla rekabet avantajına sahiptir ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar da teknoloji transferinin önemli bir kanalıdır. Çalışmamızın amacı, Türkiye’ye gelen doğrudan yabancı yatırımlarının yerli ve yabancı yatırımcının yenilik performansı üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmektir. Analizimiz 1984-2017 dönemlerini kapsamaktadır ve analizimizde yeniliğin göstergesi olarak üç tür patent başvuru sayıları (yerleşikler, yerleşik-olmayanlar ve toplam) kullanılmıştır. Kısa ve uzun dönemde doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerinden kaynaklanan pozitif ve negatif şokların yenilik performansı üzerindeki etkisini ayrıştırarak analiz edebilmek için Doğrusal-olmayan ARDL Modeli kullanılmıştır. Analiz bulguları, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlardan kaynaklanan pozitif ve negatif şokların yerel yatırımcıların yenilik performansı üzerindeki etkisinin, yabancı yatırımcılara nazaran, daha fazla olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, Patent başvuruları, Doğrusal-olmayan ARDL

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Innovation Performance: Evidence from a Nonlinear ARDL Approach

Innovative firms have a distinct competitive advantage and foreign direct investment is an important channel for technological transfers. The aim of this study is to analyse that foreign direct investment coming into Turkey that affects innovation performance of local and foreign investors. Our analysis covers the period of 1984-2017 and the three types of patent applications (residents, non-residents and total) are used as an indication of innovation in our analysis. The nonlinear ARDL model is applied because the impact of positive and negative shocks that caused foreign direct investments on innovation performance decomposes in short and long term. Analysis results indicate that positive and negative shocks experienced FDI have a greater impact on the innovative performance of local investors than foreign investors.

Keywords:

Foreign direct investments, Patent applications, Nonlinear ARDL,

PDF

___

ARUN, K., YILDIRIM, D. Ç. (2017),“Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Intellectual Property, Patents and R&D”,Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property, 7(2), 226- 241.
BLOMSTRÖM, M., KOKKO, A. (1997),“How Foreign Investment Affects Host Countries”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper,No:1745.
BRANSTETTER, L. (2006),“Is Foreign Direct Investment A Channel Of Knowledge Spillovers? Evidence From Japan's FDI In The United States”,Journal of International Economics, 68(2), 325-344.
CHEN, Y. (2007),“Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Regional Innovation Capability: A Case of China”,Journal of Data Science, 5, 577-596.
CHEUNG, K.,LIN, P. (2004),“Spillover Effects of FDI on Innovation in China: Evidence from the Provincial Data”,China Economic Review, 15, 25– 44.
CLERIDES, S., LACH, S.,TYBOUT, J. (1998),“Is Learning-by-Exporting Important? Micro-Dynamic Evidence from Colombia, Mexico and Morocco”,The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(3), 903-947.
DAMıJAN, J. P., KNELL, M., MAJCEN, B.,ROJEC, M. (2003),“Technology Transfer through FDI in Top-10 Transition Countries: How Important are Direct Effects, Horizontal and Vertical Spillovers?”William Davidson Working Paper, No: 549.
DEMİR, M.A., BİLİK, M.,AYDIN,Ü. (2018),“Effects of Political and Socio-Economic Indicators on Foreign Direct Investments: Stochastic Frontier Analysis”,Journal of the Human and Social Sciences Researches, 7(2), 1078-1096.
EATON, J.,KORTUM, S. (1996),“Trade in Ideas: Patenting and Productivity in the OECD”,Journal of International Economics, 40: 251-271.
ENGLE, R.F., GRANGER, C.W.J. (1987),“Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing”,Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276.
FAN, Z., LI, H., PAN, L. (2019),“FDI and International Knowledge Diffusion: An Examination of the Evolution of Comparative Advantage”,Sustainability, 11(581), 1-17.
FEENSTRA, R., MARKUSEN, J.,ZEILE, W. (1992),“Accounting for Growth with New Inputs: Theory and Evidence”, American Economic Review, 82: 415-421.
GANDENBERGER, C., MIRIAM, B., JOACHIM, S., ROBERT, O., LIOBA, M. (2015),“Factors Driving International Technology Transfer: Empirical Insights from a CDM Project Survey”,Working Paper Sustainability and Innovation, no: S5.
GARCIA, F., JIN, B., SALOMON, R. (2013),“Does Inward Foreign Direct Investment Improve the Innovative Performance of Local Firms?”, Research Policy, 42, 231– 244.
GLOBERMAN, S., KOKKO, A.,SJÖHOLM,F. (2000),“International Technology Diffusion: Evidence from Swedish Patent Data”, Kyklos, 53: 17-38.
GRANGER C.W. J., YOON, G. (2002),“Hidden Cointegration. U of California”, Economics Working Paper, No: 02.
GROSSMAN, G., HELPMAN, E. (1991),Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
KADAH, M. M. (2003),“Foreign Direct Investments and International Technology Transfer to Egypt”,Economic Research Forum Working Paper Series, No:0317.
KAR, M.,TATLISÖZ, F. (2008),“Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Hareketlerini Belirleyen Faktörlerin Ekonometrik Analizi”,Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi, İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 8(14),436-458.
KARACASULU, N. (2001),“Uluslararası Teknoloji Transfer Süreci ve Yöntemleri”, DTM Dış Ticaret Dergisi, 20, 101-113.
KINOSHITA, Y. (2000),“R&D and Technology Spillovers via FDI: Innovation and Absorptive Capacity”,CERGE-EI, CEPR and WDI Working Paper, No:349.
LOUKIL, K. (2016),“Foreign Direct Investment and Technological Innovation in Developing Countries”,Oradea Journal of Business and Economics, 1(2), 31-40.
MARKUSEN, J.R (1989),“Trade in Producer Services and in Other Specialized Intermediate Inputs”, American Economic Review, 79: 85-95.
NEWMAN,C., RAND, J., TARP, F. (2015) “Technology transfers, foreign investment and productivity spillovers” ,European Economic Review, 76: 168-187.
NUR H. B., BİLİCİ, İ. (2017),“Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımları Belirleyen Temel Unsurlar”,Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(2) 15-45.
PESARAN, M.H., SHIN, Y., SMITH, R. (2001) “Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships”,Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16: 289-326.
SAGGI, K. (2002),“Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, and International Technology Transfer: A Survey”, The World Bank Research Observer, 17(2), 191-235.
SHIN, Y., YU, B.,GREENWOOD-NIMMO, M. (2014),“Modelling Asymmetric Cointegration and Dynamic Multipliers in a Nonlinear ARDL Framework”, Festschrift in Honor of Peter Schmidt Econometric Methods and Applications, 281-314.
SMEETS, R. (2008),“Collecting the Pieces of the FDI Knowledge Spillovers Puzzle”,World Bank Research Observer, 23(2), 107-138.
TANDIRCIOĞLU, H., ÖZEN, A. (2003),“Geçiş Ekonomilerinde Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları”,Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(4), 105-129.
YILDIZ, H. (2017),“Technology Spillover Through Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: Evidence from Patent Applications”,Journal Of Social and Humanities Sciences Research,4(12), 689-696.