In this paper, we report of a case from Turkey where a civil society organization took an active role in development of a functioning domestic market for organic agriculture and organic products by not only influencing laws, regulations and their implementation, but also establishing and administering marketplaces solely for organic products. Although the country’s climate and biodiversity is suitable for organic agriculture, the domestic market remained underdeveloped; the organic sector was directed mainly towards exports. By establishing the first marketplace solely for certified organic products in 2006, a non-governmental organization became the locomotive of the domestic sector. The process that led to the 100% Ecological Marketplaces exhibits a contingent characteristic where particularly social and symbolic capital were mobilized by the NGO to facilitate embedded relationships of trust among a multiplicity of actors, together with a framing of positive ‘ecological living’ discourse and therefore contributing to the ‘organic’ movement.
___
Aktar C. & Ananias V. (2005). 04/03 Yeni bir ulusal politika: Ekolojik tarım - 05/03
Ekolojik tarım Türkiye’nin hayat sigortası - 06/03 Genetik değiştirme işlemleri hayatı
tehdit ediyor. URL http://www.zaman.com.tr. Accessed 1 May 2007.
Ananias V. (2006). Buğday’ın pazardaki tarihi: Bodrum’dan Şişli-Feriköy’e,
Buğday, 38:10–13.
Anıl P., Ananias O. A., Ananias V. (1999). Türkiye’de sağlıklı ekolojik ürün pazarı
için biraraya geldik, Buğday, 2: 6–10.
Antep G.. (2006). Dünyada ekolojik pazarlar, Buğday, 38:18–19.
Babadoğan G.. & Koç D. (2004). Organic Agriculture in Turkey 2004, Country
Reports: Turkey. Organic-Europe FiBL, http://www.organic-world.net/fileadmin/
documents/country_information/ARCHIVE/igeme-2004-country-report-turkey.pdf
Accessed 17 April 2015.
Bardy R., Rubens A. & Jackson G. (2013). Contributing to changes of social
order in emerging nations: The spillover effect of foreign direct investment. Journal of
International Management Studies, 8: 47–58.
Biggart, N.W. & Delbridge, R. (2004). Systems of exchange. Academy of
Management Review, 29: 28–49.
Bourdieu P. (1998). Practical Reason: on the Theory of Action, Stanford University
Press, Stanford.
Buğday (2013). Runtalya’da Adımlar Tohumlar İçin Atılacak, http://www.bugday.
org/portal/haber_detay.php?hid=6123. Accessed 9 January 2015.
Buğday (2014). Buğday Adım Adım Sporcuları Runtalya 2014’te Koruncuklu
Çocuklar İçin Koştu http://www.bugday.org/portal/haber_detay.php?hid=7000. Accessed
9 January 2015.
Buğday (2015). Buğday hareketinin dünü ve bugünü https://www.bugday.org/portal/
hakkimizda.php?pid=1 Accessed 15 May 2015.
Cox A. (2004). The art of the possible: relationship management in power regimes
and supply chains. Supply Chain Management, 9(5): 346–356.
Demir A.Y. (2013a). Turkey’s first organic bazaar. European Scientific Journal, 9(8): 1–17.
Demir A.Y. (2013b). Supply chain management practices in an alternative food
network: the first organic marketplace of Turkey. International Journal of Business and
Social Science, 4(9): 179–187.
Demiryürek K. (2011). The concept of organic agriculture and current status of in
the world and Turkey. GOÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 28(1): 27–36.
Demiryürek K (2004). Organic agriculture in the world and Turkey. Journal of
Agriculture Faculty HR. University, 8(3/4):63–71.
Demiryürek K., Stopes C. & Güzel A. (2008). Organic agriculture: the case of
Turkey. Outlook on Agriculture, 37(4):261–267.
Eapen A. (2012). Social structure and technology spillovers from foreign to domestic
firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 43: 244–263.
Geertz C. (1978). The marketplace economy: information and search in peasant
marketing. The American Economic Review, 68 (2):28–32.
Güler S. (2006). Organic Agriculture in Turkey. J. of Fac. of Agric. OMU 21(2):
238–242.
Hinrichs C.C., Gillespie G.W. & Feenstra G.W. (2004). Social learning and
innovation at retail farmers’ markets. Rural Sociology, 69(1):31–58.
Hunt A. R. (2006). Consumer interactions and influences on farmers’ market vendors.
Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 22(1):54–66.
Karakoç U. & Baykan B.G. (2009). Türkiye’de organik tarım gelişiyor, Betam,
Bahçeşehir University, Research Note 035
Kenanoğlu Z. & Karahan Ö. (2002). Policy implementations for organic agriculture
in Turkey. British Food Journal, 104 (3/4/5):300–318.
Lehner M. (2009). Hindrances local organic farmers are facing in the Turkish
organic agricultural sector – an attempt to identify barriers and suggest ways to
eliminate them. Masters Thesis. Uppsala, Sweden URL: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se/666/1/
lehner_m_091201.pdf Accessed 13 March 2015.
McKague K., Zietsma C. & Oliver C. (2015). Building the Social Structure of a
Market. Organization Studies, 36(8): 1063–1093.
Melnyk S.A., Lummus R.R., Vokurka R.J., Burns L.J. & Sandor J. (2009). Mapping
the future of supply chain management: a Delphi study. International Journal of
Production Research, 47(16): 4629-4653.
Mutlu, N. (2007). Consumer Attitude and Behaviour towards Organic Food: Crosscultural
study of Turkey and Germany. Masters Thesis – unpublished, Universität
Hohenheim. URL: http://orgprints.org/13727/1/MasterThesis-ConsumerStudy-TR-DE.
pdf. Accessed 13 March 2015.
Özbilge Z. (2007). An analysis of organic agriculture in Turkey: the current situation
and basic constraints. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 8(2):213–222
Padel S., Gerrard C.L. & Vieweger A. (2014). The case studies of the Organic Data
network. 2nd OrganicDataNetwork Workshop, Bari, Italy, 10-11 July.
Rapunzel. (2012). Turkey Project. URL: http://www. rapunzel.de/uk/
turkeiprojekt.html. Accessed 12 July 2012.
Renting H. & Wiskerke H. (2010). New emerging roles for public institutions and
civil society in the promotion of sustainable local agro‐food systems. In the Proceedings
of 9th European IFSA Symposium (edited by I. Darnhofer and M. Grötzer), Vienna,
Austria.
Rottner H. (2007). Organic and fair trade marketing in Germany. In The Handbook of
Organic and Fair Trade Food Marketing (edited by S. Wright and D.McCrea). Blackwell
Publishing, Oxford.
Sahota A. (2007). The international market for organic and fair trade food and drink.
In The Handbook of Organic and Fair Trade Food Marketing (edited by S. Wright and
D.McCrea). Blackwell Publishing, Oxford
Sayın C., Brumfiled R.G., Mencet M.N. & Özkan B. (2005). The organic farming
movement in Turkey. HortTechnology, 15(4): 864–871
Schaack D. (2014). Publication and Dissemination Strategies. 2nd
OrganicDataNetwork Workshop, Bari, Italy, 10-11 July.
Simchi-Levi D., Kaminsky P. & Simchi-Levi E. (2003). Designing & managing the
supply chain: concepts, strategies & case studies. McGraw-Hill, New York
Snow D.A. & Benford R.D. (1988). Ideology, frame resonance, and participant
mobilization. International social movement research, 1(1): 197-217.
Spilková J., Fendrychová, L. & Syrovátková M. (2012). Farmers’ markets in Prague:
a new challenge within the urban shoppingscape. Agriculture and Human Values, 39(2):
197--191 doi:10.1007/s10460-012-9395-5
TR (2004). Organic Agriculture Law 5262. Official Gazette of the Republic of
Turkey, Date: 03.12.2004 Number: 25659, Ankara. URL: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/
eskiler/2004/12/20041203.htm Accessed 10 March 2015.
Zanoli R (2013). Improving European Organic Market Information - The
OrganicDataNetwork Project. In The World of Organic Agriculture - Statistics and
Emerging Trends 2013. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and International
Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), Frick and Bonn