Hayrettin GÜMÜŞDAĞ, Halit EGESOY, Emrah CERİT

SPORDA TOPARLANMA STRATEJİLERİ

Herhangi bir egzersizden sonra organizmanın normale dönme süreci toparlanma olarak değerlendirilmektedir. İyi bir toparlanma, sporcunun antrenman ya da yarışma sonucunda meydana gelen yorgunluktan kurtulmasına ve enerji rezervlerinin tekrar dolmasına imkan sağlayan bir süreçtir. Günümüzde çoğu spor dallarında sporcular günde 2-3 kez oldukça zorlayıcı antrenmanlar uygulamaktadırlar. Hatta üst düzey kulüplerde görev yapan futbolcular aynı hafta içinde uluslararası bir kupa maçı, lig maçı, ulusal kupa maçı veya kendi ülkesinin milli maçında görev yapmak zorunda kalabilmektedirler. Bu durum sporcuları müsabakalarda ve antrenmanlarda yaşadıkları fizyolojik stresin yanı sıra yolculuk stresi ile de karşı karşıya bırakmaktadır. Bu stresli antrenman, yarışmalar ve yolculuklar sporcuların performanslarında geçici düşüşlere yol açabilmektedir. Tam toparlanma gerçekleşmeden yapılan yüklenmeler sporcunun yorgunluğunun kronikleşmesine, kronik yorgunluk ise sporcunun sakatlanmasına neden olabilmektedir. Aşırı antrenman sendromundan kaçınmak ve optimum performansı yakalamak için sporcuların fizyolojik ve psikolojik toparlanmalarının antrenmanın bir parçası olarak programlanması gerekmektedir. Sporcuların tam bir toparlanma sağlamaları için uzun zamandır spor bilimciler ve antrenörler en uygun toparlanma yöntemini bulmak için çaba harcamaktadırlar. Optimum performans ,yüklenme ile toparlanma arasında dengenin sağlanması ile mümkün olacaktır.Bu nedenle,stretching, masaj,çeşitli ısılardaki suya girme terapileri,kontrast banyo veya duşlar,aerobik koşular,yüzme,havuzda yürüme gibi düşük şiddetli aktiviteler,yorucu antrenman veya müsabaka sonrası toparlanmayı hızlandırmak amacıyla kullanılmalıdır. İleriye dönük toparlanma programlarının oluşturulması ve uygulanması ,sporcuların bir sonraki antrenman ve müsabakaya dinlenmiş olarak çıkmasına ve dolayısıyla müsabaka ve antrenman performanslarının yükselmesine neden olacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı literatür de toparlanmayla ilgili yapılmış çalışmaları inceleyerek toparlanmanın performans üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak ve bu konuda daha sonra yapılacak çalışmalara referans olmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

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