İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNİN TARIM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: BU ETKİLERİ GİDERMEYE YÖNELİK UYUM VE AZALTIM STRATEJİLERİ

İklim değişikliği, doğal iç süreçlerin yanı sıra antropojen kaynaklı süreçler nedeniyle günümüzde etkisini giderek arttırmaktadır. İklim değişikliğinin yaratacağı bu etkilerin ise küresel ve bölgesel ölçeklerde ortaya çıkması beklenmektedir. Nitekim iklim değişikliği; tarım, orman ve bitki örtüsü, temiz su kaynakları, deniz seviyesi, enerji, insan sağlığı ve biyolojik çeşitliliği doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak çeşitli şekillerde etkileyebilmektedir. Tüm bunların yanında, iklim değişikliği sosyal ve ekonomik sorunsallara neden olarak tarım üzerinde baskı oluşturabilmektedir. İklim değişikliği nedeniyle toprak ve su rejimleri değişime uğramakta, tarımsal üretim azalmakta ve gıda güvenliği tehlikeye girmektedir. İklim değişikliğinin uzun dönemde; su ve diğer kaynaklar üzerinde stres oluşturması, toprakları verimsizleştirmesi, tarım alanlarının durumlarını kötüleştirmesi, geniş çapta çölleşmelere neden olması, tarım mahsullerinde zararlı ve hastalıkların çoğalmasına sebep olması ve deniz seviyesini yükselterek kıyı ekosistemlerini tahrip etmesi beklenmektedir. Günümüzde iklim değişikliğine bağlı bu olumsuzlukların giderilebilmesi için öncelikle iklim değişikliği senaryoları ile durumun tespit edilmesi gerekmektedir. Sonrasında ise, uyum ve azaltım stratejileri etkin bir şekilde uygulanarak bu etkiler asgari düzeye indirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İklim Değişikliği, Tarımsal Üretim, İklim Senaryoları, Uyum, Azaltım

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Climate change is gradually increasing, due to natural internal processes and anthropogenic origin processes. These effects in climate change would occur on a global and regional scale. Indeed, climate change may directly or indirectly affect agriculture, forests, vegetation, fresh water resources, sea levels, energy, human health and biodiversity in several ways. Besides, climate change it may create pressure on the agricultural sector causing social and economic problems. Due to climate change, soil and water regimes are subject to change by declining agricultural production and food security is compromised. In long term climate change it is expected to cause stress on water and other resources, badlands, desertification, proliferation of pests, diseases in agricultural crops, and the destruction of coastal ecosystems by sea levels rising. In order to eliminate these disadvantages; the disadvantages must be determined by climate change scenarios. Later adaptation and mitigation strategies should be implemented in an effective manner

Keywords:

Climate Change, Agricultural Production, Climate Scenarios, Adaptation, Mitigation,

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