Memeli Çiftlik Hayvanlarında Stres, Fizyoloji ve Üretim İlişkileri

Farklı üretim sistemlerinde yetiştirilen hayvan türleri farklı çevresel stres faktörlerine maruz kalmakta ve bunlarla fizyolojik ve davranışsal tepkiler yoluyla mücadele etmektedirler. Bu mücadelelerin başarısız olması, hayvanların refah durumlarını açık olarak tehdit etmekle birlikte üretim etkinlik ve kalitelerini de olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Stres esnasında stres hormonlarının (HPA ve SA aksı hormonları) ve sitokinlerin üretiminde artışlar gerçekleşirken, anabolik hormonların (IGF-I, GH, tiroit hormonları ve cinsiyet steroitleri) üretiminde azalışlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu durum ise anabolik süreçlerin yavaşlatılmasına, katabolik süreçlerin ise artmasına neden olmaktadır. Sonuçta; stresin şiddetine bağlı olarak immun fonksiyon, üreme, büyüme, laktasyon ve diğer fizyolojik süreçler olumsuz olarak etkilenmekte ve önemli düzeyde ekonomik kayıplar meydana gelmektedir. Bu nedenle çevresel stres faktörlerinin etkilerinin kontrol edilmesi, toplam ekonomik etkinliğin artırılması için önem taşımaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle, bu derlemede, stresin memeli çiftlik hayvanları üzerinde gösterdiği fizyolojik değişimler ve bu değişimlerin verimlerle olan ilişkileri analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Stres, fizyoloji, HPA, SA

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