Dilek ŞENYER, Numan ÜNALDI, Özgür Barış AKAN

KABLOSUZ YEŞİL HABERLEŞMENİN ÖNEMİ VE GÖRÜNÜR IŞIKLA HABERLEŞMEDE LED TEKNOLOJİSİ UYGULAMALARI

5G WiFi, yeşil haberleşme, vücudumuzun içindeki nano-haberleşme, nötrino haberleşmesi, gezegenler arası haberleşme, yerçekimsel haberleşme gibi gelecek vadeden yeni nesil teknolojilerin yakın bir gelecekte yaygın olarak kullanımı artık insanoğlu için uzak bir hedef olmaktan çıkmıştır. Özellikle yeşil haberleşme kavramı, ekolojik perspektiften bakıldığında küresel ısınma konusunda önemli etkisi olan CO2 gazı yayılımını azaltması ve insan nesli için hayati önemi olan enerji tüketimini düşürerek enerji verimli bir haberleşme olanağı sunması açısından geleceğin haberleşme teknolojileri arasında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Kablosuz haberleşmede daha yeşil çözüm arayışları günümüzde hükümetlerin, akademik camianın ve endüstrinin dikkatini çeken bir husustur. Bu kapsamda geliştirilen görünür ışıkla kablosuz haberleşme teknolojisi, gelişme aşamasında olan ve mevcut diğer haberleşme teknolojilerine oranla daha az enerji tüketim potansiyeli ile dikkat çeken, endüstride, bilimde ve medikal (ISM) bantta, radyo frekans spektrumun (RF) aksine maliyet etkin ve henüz lisanslandırılmamış bantgenişliği ile haberleşme olanağı sunan bir teknolojidir Yeni gelişen bu teknolojinin pratik olarak günlük yaşamda veri iletiminde kullanımının yaygınlaşması Gb/s hızına erişilebilmesi durumunda olacaktır ki, bu durumda bir takım düzenlemelerin yapılması ve teknik anlamda ortaya çıkan zorlukların aşılması gerekmektedir. Sistem tasarımında; Gb/s hızında yayın yaparken veri iletiminin aydınlatma fonksiyonu üzerindeki etkilerinin giderilmesini sağlamak, değişik ortamlarda etkin karartma kontrol teknikleri kullanılarak yeterli aydınlatma seviyesini standartlara uygun şekilde ayarlamak, karatma sisteminin modülasyon tekniği ile uyumlu olarak çalışmasını sağlamak, mobilite yönetimini sağlamak ve geliştirmek, çok yollu iletim kanal karakteristikleri sorununu çözmek, çift yönlü iletişim sağlamak karşılaşılan sorunlar arasında yer almaktadır. Ayrıca dış mekan haberleşme sistem tasarımı, sistem güvenilirliği, kanal kodlama teknikleri, ağ iletimi kapsama alanı sorunları da ortaya çıkan diğer sorunlardır. Araştırmaları bu yönde geliştirerek, güncel standartlar yayınlanması gerekmektedir. Araştırmacılar mevcut ve öngörülen görünür ışıkla haberleşme teknolojisi üzerinde daha yeşil çözümler üretmek amacıyla yeni tasarım paradigmalarıüzerinde çalışmalarını sürdürmektedir. Bu makalede kablosuz yeşil haberleşmenin önemi üzerinde durularak, görünür ışıkla haberleşme sisteminin gelişim süreci ve LED tabanlı çalışmalar aktarılmıştır. Geleneksel ışık kaynakları ile yapılan VLC uygulamalarıda incelenerek, haberleşme tekniği ile yakın ilgisi bulunan katı hal aydınlatma teknolojisinde gelinen son nokta özetlenmiştir. Yüksek veri hızı sağlayan yeni nesil LED teknolojilerinin avantajları belirtilerek, tasarımlarında karşılaşılan sorunlar tartışılmıştır. Bu incelemede amaç, günümüz için yeni bir teknoloji olması ve teknik sorunların çözümlenememesi nedeniyle pratikte uygulama alanları henüz kısıtlı olan görünür ışıkla haberleşme sistemlerinin yeşil haberleşme kapsamındaki potansiyelinin daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamak ve araştırmacıları bu hayati ve güncel teknoloji alanında daha fazla çalışma yapabilmeleri amacıyla motive etmektir

THE IMPORTANCE OF WIRELESS GREEN COMMUNICATION AND THE LED TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS OF VISIBLE LIGHT WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

The developments in the communication technologies have yielded many existing and envisioned data transmission architectures such as 5G WiFi, green communication, body-in nano-communication, neutrino communication, inter-planets communication, gravitational communication. The widespread use of these promising technologies in the very near future is not out of reach anymore. From echological perspective, among these technologies, green communication known as also energy efficient communication that mitigates green house gas (CO2) emissions which is a major contributor to the climate change equation and decrease the overall energy consumption becomes vitally important for human beings. Therefore, the need for greener solutions for wireless technologies has emerged by increasing the attention of government, academia, and industry. VLC, new emerging dual-use technology has the potential of low energy consumption and allows huge, licence free bandwidth that allows low-cost broadband communication in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band with respect to overcrowding of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum and differs from radio frequency communication in both baseband signal format and optical power constraints and also less harmful to human health compared with IR communication Therefore being a potential research focus for all the next-generation communications and networks designers, the researchers reengineer the function of indoor lighting and address the wireless capacity challenge. However, there exist many common significant regulatory and technical challenges to be addressed for the practical realization of this new emerging technology before its widespread acceptance, such as to find a way to achieve Gb/s transmission without affecting the illumination, to obtain adequate illuminance according to various environments under power efficient dimming control schemes, to achieve enhanced lighting efficiency, to provide modulation scheme compatibility with the dimming system, mobility management, duplex communication, multipath transmission channel characteristics, outdoor communication, reliability, channel coding, network coverage and to publish timely standards. Inspired by these challenges, many researchers are currently engaged in developing innovative design paradigms to address the energy efficiency challenges of existing and envisioned VLC systems for developing green VLC solutions. In this paper, the current state-of-the-art in energy efficient visible light communication is captured. LED-based VLC applications and solid state technology researches are presented. The next generation LED technologies proposed for high-speed communication for VLC applications are discussed and challenges that has to be overcome to increase the data-rate to Gb/s speeds while optimizing the power consumption are reviewed. The objective of this survey is to provide better understanding of the potentials for green VLC systems which is currently far from being fully recognized, and to motivate the research community to further explore this timely and vital topic

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