Hava fotoğrafı ve optik uydu görüntüleri yardımıyla yatay yer değiştirmelerin belirlenmesi

Deprem ve heyelan gibi doğal afetler sonucunda meydana gelen yer değiştirmelerin belirlenmesinde GPS ve uydu görüntülerinden faydalanılmaktadır. Bu tür alanlarda yüzey deformasyonlarının ve kütle hareketlerinin belirlenmesinde hızlı, etkin ve ekonomik olan uydu görüntüleri yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Deprem ve heyelandan kaynaklanan yatay yer değiştirme ve kütle hareketlerinin belirlenebilmesi amacıyla California Teknoloji Enstitüsü tarafından bir yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Co-Registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation (COSI-Corr) olarak isimlendirilen bu yöntem, optik görüntülerden başta deprem olmak üzere heyelan ve buzul bölgelerinde meydana gelen yatay yöndeki yer değiştirmelerin ölçülebilmesine olanak tanımaktadır. Özellikle, yazılımın piksel altı işlem yapma yeteneği sayesinde yüzey yırtılmalarının 1/20 piksel civarında doğru olarak haritalanması ve kosismik sapmaların hassas bir şekilde ölçülmesi mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu yöntemin, günümüzde deprem ve buzul bölgelerinde yaygın bir şekilde kullanıldığı görülmekte ancak heyelan bölgelerinde kullanımına yeterince rastlanmamaktadır. Dünya’da ve ülkemizde sık olarak meydana gelen, can ve mal kaybına neden olan heyelanlara ait yer değiştirmelerin belirlenmesi ve kütle hareketlerinin ortaya konulması önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, COSICorr yöntemi kullanılarak Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu (KAFZ) üzerinde seçilen pilot alanda heyelana yönelik gerçekleştirilen çalışmalardan ve elde edilen sonuçlardan bahsedilmektedir.

Determining horizontal displacements by aerial photos and optical satellite images

GPS and satellite images are used for determining displacements resulting from natural disasters such as earthquake and landslide. Satellite images, which are fast, effective and economic tools for revealing surface deformations and mass movements in such regions have commonly been used. A method was developed for determining horizontal displacements and mass movements resulting from large earthquakes, glacier flow, landslides, and sand dune migrations. This method, which is named as Co- Registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation (COSI-Corr), makes it possible to measure horizontal ground deformation from optical images in earthquake, glacier, landslide, and sand dune regions. In particular, its sub-pixel capabilities allow for accurate mapping of surface ruptures and measurement of co-seismic offsets. Although it has been commonly applied to earthquake, sand dune and glacier regions today, it has not been used sufficiently in landslide regions. Landslides, which have frequently been encountered in the world, cause loss of live and asset. It is highly important to reveal displacements and mass movements resulting from landslides. This study focuses on studies performed for landslide by COSI-Corr method and obtained results in the study area selected on the North Anatolian Fault Zone.

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