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Yemeklik Kültür Mantarı Üretim Alanlarında Görülen Genel Mantar Zararlıları ve Mücadelesi

Yenilebilir mantarlar besin içeriği bakımından önemli bir gıda ürünüdür. Kültürü yapılan mantarlar içerisinde uzun yıllardır en yaygın üretimi yapılan tür Agaricus bisporus’tur. Mantar yetiştiriciliğinde kalite ve kantite kayıplarına neden olan önemli entomolojik, nematolojik ve akarolojik problemler söz konusudur. Bunların başında sciarid, phorid ve cecid mantar sinekleri, küf akarı, kırmızıbiber akarı, küçük mantar akarı ile nematodlardan Ditylenchus myceliophagus Goodey, 1958 ve Aphelenchoides composticola Franklin, 1957'dir. Bu zararlılar, hem doğrudan hem de dolaylı olarak mantar yetiştiriciliğinde sorun oluşturmaktadırlar. Yenilebilir kültür mantarı üretimi birbiri ardına yapılan aşamalarla gerçekleştiği için mantar yetiştiriciliğinin her safhasında hijyenik önlemlerin alınması ve havalandırma koşullarının uygunluğuna dikkat edilmesi gerekmektedir. Diğer önemli bir husus ise üretim materyallerinin uygun koşullarda pastörizasyonu ve dezenfeksiyonudur. Bu koşulların uygun olmadığı yetiştirme döneminde, zararlılar yoğun bir şekilde ortamda gelişebilmektedirler. Bu derlemede, yemeklik kültür mantarı yetiştiriciliğinde üreticilerin en çok karşılaştığı mantar zararlılarının tanınmaları, mantarda meydana getirdikleri zararlar ve mücadelelerine yönelik çözüm önerileri ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yemeklik kültür mantarı, Agaricus bisporus, Mantar sinekleri, Akarlar, Nematodlar

Common Mushroom Pests in Edible Culture Mushroom Production Areas and Control

Edible culture mushrooms are an important food in terms of nutritional content. Agaricus bisporus has been cultivated species the most widely fungi in for many years. There are many significant entomological, nematological and acarological problems that cause significant quality and quantitative losses in mushroom production. Sciarid, phorid and cecid mushroom flies, mold mites, red pepper mites, small mushroom mites and Ditylenchus myceliophagus Goodey and Aphelenchoides composticola Franklin as nematode are the most important pests in mushroom production area. These pests cause significant yield losses in mushroom growth both directly and indirectly. Since edible culture mushroom production has many successive stages, it is necessary to take hygienic measures at every stage of mushroom growing period and pay attention to the suitability of ventilation conditions. In addition, another important issue; production materials using in mushroom production period must be pasteurized and disinfected properly. During the production season, when these conditions were not suitable, some pests may develop intensively in the environment. In this compilation, it was discussed the identification, damage symptoms of significant edible culture mushroom pests and solution recommendations in their control.

Keywords:

Edible cultural mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, Mushroom flies, Mites, Nematodes,

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