İKİ KUŞATMA, İKİ KOMUTAN: PLEVNE (1877) VE KUT'ÜL-AMARE (1915-1916), GAZİ OSMAN PAŞA VE TÜMGENERAL C.V.F. TOWNSHEND

Plevne savu11mas1 diinyada e$i gorii/m mi~· bir sav1111111ad1r 1•e tii111 d1"i11yay1 kendisine hayra11 btrakmt$1tr. Bu yom"iyle daha so11ra kt1$al111a a/1111da kalan ko11111ta11/ara da ilha111 kay11ag1 o!mtt$ft1r. Omegi11, Birinci Dt"inya Sava~· 111da lrak Cephesinde Tfirklere kar$t Kut 'iii-A mare )ii sav1111011 General Tow11 she11d J'levne ben::eri bir sav1111111a yapmt$1tr. f /a/1ralan11da /I kez J'lev11 e sav111111ws111a ve Gazi Osman Pa aya attfta buh11111111~·111r. 811 ralt$11Wda, Plev11 e ve K11t 'l"il-A111are '11i11 sav111111ws1 ve ir;inde b11!1111duk/cm $Ortlar 11111kayese di/111i~· 1ir. Ba~· /1 ca 11111kayese ko1111lan w1/ardan of11$1110ktadtr: CogrnfYa, strateji, wktik, kri$af11w, K11rtar111a On/usu. kasabada11 r;ekilme ko1111s11, teslim 0/1110 tek/ifleri, propaganda, firar/ar, yiyecek s1kmt1s1, palw!t/1k ve karaborsa, hasta!tk, ke11di11i yara/a111a ve intihar olaylan, yaralt!an ziyaret, h11r111;:, galip ve magluplarm kar$Ila$111as1, esaret ve eve don ii . Bu iki ku$alnw111n mukayesesi bizi baz1 ortak sonur;lara gotiirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Plevne, Kut'ül-Amare, Kuşatma, Gazi Osman Paşa, General Townshend

TWO SIEGE, TWO COMMANDER: PLEVNA (1877) AND KUT-Al -AMARA (1915-1916), GAZi OSMAN PASHA AND MAJOR-GENERAL C. V.F. TOWNSHEND

The defence of Plevna was an extraordi1w1J1 one which has never been see11 before and it filled with admiration the world. Th erefore, it was inspirited by commanders who were under sieges during the post-Plevna era. For example, General Townshend, who was the defender of Kut-al-amara in the First World War, made a similar defence of Plevna. 1 le ref erred to the defence of Plevna and Gazi Os111 a11 Pasha 11 times in his me11101y. In this study, defences of Plevna and Kut-al-Amara and their conditions have been compared. Th e main subjects of comparison are as following: Geography, strategy and tactic, siege, relief f orce, 111 atter of withdrawal from town, proposal f or surrender, propaganda, desertions, lack of food, expensiveness and black 111arket, sickness, wounding hi111self and committing suicide, visiting f or the wounded, sortie, meeting of the victors and the defeated, captivity and back to home. Th e comparison of these two def ences has led us to some common results.

Keywords:

Plevna, Kut-al-A111ara, Siege, Gazi Osman Pasha, General Townshend,

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