Suç-Gelir Dağılımı İlişkisinde Mekansallığın Etkisi: Türkiye’de Düzey 2 Bölgeleri İçin Bir Analiz

Suç, tüm sosyal bilimcilerin olduğu gibi iktisatçıların da oldukça ilgisini çeken bir konudur. Suç ile pek çok makroekonomik değişken arasında farklı düzeylerde ilişkiler bulunmaktadır. Bu değişkenlerden biri de toplumda yaratılan gelirin birimler arasında adil bir şekilde dağıtılması durumunu ifade eden gelir dağılımıdır. Toplumlarda suç olgusunun beslenmesinde gelir dağılımındaki bozulmaların etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşan birtakım çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada, literatürden farklı olarak suç ve gelir dağılımı arasındaki ilişkinin mekansallık içerip içermediği yani bölgelerin sınır komşuluklarının suç-gelir dağılımı ilişkisinde belirleyici bir özellik taşıyıp taşımadığı araştırılmaktadır. Bu amaçla Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK) bölgesel veri tabanından elde edilen 2016 yılına ait veriler kullanılarak Türkiye’de gelir dağılımı eşitsizliği ile mala karşı işlenen suçlar arasındaki ilişki yatay kesit verilerle İBBS 2 (İstatistiki Bölge Birimleri Sınıflandırması) düzey bölgeleri için mekansal ekonometrik yöntemler kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Mekansal belirleme testlerinin sonuçları, Mekansal Hata Modelinin en uygun model olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmanın bulguları, Türkiye’de İBBS 2 düzey bölgeleri için suç ile gelir dağılımı arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu gösterirken mekansallık etkisinin de bulunduğuna işaret etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye’de 26 İBBS 2 düzey bölgesinde suç-gelir dağılımı ilişkisinde bölgelerin sınır komşuluklarının etkili olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Bu durum gerek gelir dağılımı gerekse suçu önlemeye yönelik politikalarda bölgelerin komşuluk ilişkilerinin de dikkate alınması gerektiğine işaret etmektedir.

The Effect of Spatiality on Crime-Income Distribution Relationship: An Analysis of NUTS 2 Level Regions in Turkey

Crime is a subject that is of great interest to economists as well as all social scientists. There are different levels of relationship between crime and many macroeconomic variables. One of these variables is the income distribution, which implies that the income generated in the society is distributed fairly among the agents. There are a number of studies which conclude that income distribution is effective in feeding the crime phenomenon in societies. In this study, unlike the literature, it is investigated whether the relationship between crime and income distribution includes spatiality, that is, whether the border neighborhoods of the regions carry a decisive feature in the relationship between crime and income distribution. For this purpose, the relationship between income inequality and crimes against property was studied using spatial econometric methods for NUTS 2 level regions in Turkey. The data is obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) local database for 2016. The results of the spatial determination tests show that the Spatial Error Model is the most appropriate model. The findings of the study illustrates that for NUTS 2 level regions in Turkey there are positive and significant relationship between income distribution and crime, and also suggests a spatiality effect. As a result, for the 26 NUTS 2 level regions in Turkey, it is possible to say that border neighborhood is effective in crime-income distribution relationship. This suggests that the neighborhood relations should be taken into consideration in both income distribution and crime prevention policies.

Keywords:

Income inequality, , Crime, NUTS 2 regions Gini, Spatial Models,

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