Yeni medyada siyasal iletişim Sürecinin Kavramsallaştırılmasında Alternatif Modeller: Müzakereci ve Agonistik Demokrasi Yaklaşımları

Bu çalışmanın amacı yeni medya platformlarında siyasal iletişim sürecini açıklamak için liberal modele alternatif kavramsallaştırmalar sunmaktır. Liberal temsili demokrasiye ilişkin katılımcı eleştiriler müzakereci ve agonistik demokrasi kuramları çerçevesinde gelişmiştir. Her iki demokrasi yaklaşımı da siyaset ve siyasal olana ilişkin hem liberal modelden hem de birbirlerinden farklı tasarımlara sahiptir. Bununla birlikte her iki yaklaşımda da iletişim siyasetin ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Günümüzde katılım ve iletişim denildiğinde ilk akla gelen yeni medya platformlarıdır. Müzakereci ve agonistik demokrasi yaklaşımları, liberal demokrasi yaklaşımında internetin siyasal pazarlama ve siyasal reklamcılığa katkısını anlamak ve geliştirmek üzerine kurulan kavramsal çerçeveye alternatif yaklaşımlar sağlamaktadır. Bu alternatif yaklaşımlar kapsamında geliştirilen kavramsal çerçeveler yeni medya platformlarında gerçekleştirilen iletişim sürecini açıklama gücüne sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak, liberal yaklaşıma dayanan kavramsal çerçeveye değinilecektir. İkinci olarak, müzakereci demokraside önemli bir yeri olan siyaset ve iletişim ilişkisi çerçevesinde yeni medyada siyasal iletişimin anlamlandırılmasında kullanılabilecek olan müzakereci model sunulacaktır. Son olarak, agonistik demokrasinin siyaset ve iletişime ilişkin yaklaşımlardan yola çıkılarak yeni medyada siyasal iletişimin anlamlandırılmasında kullanılabilecek olan agonistik model açıklanacaktır. Alan yazında bu alternatif yaklaşımlar içerisinde müzakereci model kapsamında geliştirilen çalışmalar bulunmakla birlikte yeni medyada siyasal iletişim sürecini açıklamak üzere agonistik modele başvuran çalışma sayısı oldukça azdır. Bu çalışmanın, ele aldığı alternatif kavramsal modeller aracılığıyla internet ve sosyal medyada siyasal iletişim alanının farklı perspektiflerden anlaşılmasına ve analizine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İnternet, Sosyal Medya, İletişim Ağı, Katılım, Müzakereci Demokrasi, Agonistik Demokrasi

Alternative models for the conceptualizatıon of political communication on new media: deliberative and agonistic democracy approaches

This study aims at providing alternative conceptualizations to liberal model explaining political communication on new media platforms. The participative critics on liberal representative democracy are released around the theories of deliberative and agonistic democracy. The projections of these democracy models about “politics” and “political” differs from both each other and from liberal model. However, communication is the essential part of politics for both of these theories. Today, the terms of participation and communication firstly call to mind the new media platforms. Deliberative and agonistic democracy approaches provide alternative aspects to the conceptual frame consisting of the perspective of liberal democracy which aims at explaining the contribution of Internet to political marketing and political advertisement, and developing it. The conceptual frames, consisting of these alternative approaches, have potential to explain the communication process on new media platforms. This study, firstly, insists on the conceptual frame consisting of liberal approach. Secondly, it presents the deliberative model which can be used to explain political communication on new media in terms of the significant place of relationship between politics and communication in deliberative democracy. Lastly, it presents the agonistic model which can be used to explain political communication on new media with reference to the approaches on communication and politics in agonistic democracy. In literature, among alternative approaches, there are studies organized in terms of deliberative model, but there are few studies refer to agonistic model to explain political communication on new media platforms. This study can contribute to the explanation and the analyses of political communication on Internet and social media from different perspectives by means of using alternative conceptualizations.

Keywords:

Internet, Social Media, Communication Network, Participation, Deliberative Democracy, Agonistik Democracy,

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