SOSYAL SORUMLU MU SOSYAL GİRİŞİMCİ Mİ? KAVRAMSAL BOYUTUYLA SOSYAL GİRİŞİMCİLİĞİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ

İş dünyasında son zamanlarda önem kazanan ve yükselen bir değer olan girişimcilik, kişinin her türlü riski gözeterek kendi işini kurmasıdır. İşletmeler açısından bu iş yapma süreçlerinde, kurum paydaşları ile olan iletişim sürecini yöneten, iç ve dış hedef kitleler ile bağlantının sağlanması noktasında önemli bir köprü vazifesi gören stratejik iletişim yönetimi de girişimciler açısından önemli bir kavramdır. Bu bağlamda girişimciliğin farklı ve inovatif bir özellik göstererek sosyal girişime dönüşmesinde değişen iletişim dünyasının da rolü büyüktür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, geleneksel girişimcilik ve sosyal girişimcilik kavramlarının farklı araştırmacı ve akademisyenler tarafından liretatürde ne gibi anlam ve kapsamda kullanıldıklarını ortaya koymak ve sosyal girişimcilik kavramını halkla ilişkilerin çalışma alanlarından bir tanesi olan “sosyal sorumluluk” kavramı üzerinden yeniden tanımlamak ve değerlendirmektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden bir tanesi olan literatür tarama tekniğinin kullanıldığı bu çalışma, geçmişi çok eskilere dayanan sosyal sorumluluk kavramını ülkemizde son yıllarda ivme kazanan sosyal girişimcilik kavramı üzerinden yeniden tanımlaması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda toplum refahının ve yararının arttırılmasında sosyal girişimciliğin günümüzde artan oranda ve sosyal sorumluluk kavramına bir alternatif olarak kuruluşlar tarafından tercih edilmeye başladığı sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.

SOCICAL RESPONSIBLE OR SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR? TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITHIN CONCEPTUAL DIMENSION

Entrepreneurship which has gained tremendous importance and become an increasing value recently in business world is starting one's own business taking any risk. As for the corporations conducting a business in this process, strategic communication management which manages the communication process between the corporation and its stakeholders and helps to make connection with its internal and external target groups is a crucial concept for the entrepreneurs as well. In this sense, communication world plays a paramount role for the entrepreneurship turning into social entrepreneurshipThe aim of this study is to put forward how the terms, traditional and social entrepreneurships are defined by the researchers and scholars in current literature and discuss social entrepreneurship over the term, social responsibility, one of a study field of public relations. The study in which literature review, a technique of qualitative method is used is significant as it tries to redefine social entrepreneurship a recently popular term with a pristine term, social responsibility. As a result of the study, it is found out that social entrepreneurship has replaced social responsibility and started to be used by the coporations to improve the social welfare and benefit.

___

  • ABU-SAİFAN, S. (2012). Social entrepreneurship: definition and boundaries. Technology innovation management review, 2(2).
  • AUSTİN, J. E., STEVENSON, H. and WEI-SKILLERN, J. (2006). Social entrepreneurship and commercial entrepreneurship: Same, different, or both. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1): forthcoming.Google Scholar
  • ARKLAN, Ü., & KARTAL, N. Z. (2019). Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk Ve Aktivizm: İlişkisel Düzlemde Epistemolojik Bir Yönelim. Visionary E-Journal/Vizyoner Dergisi, 10(23).
  • BETİL, İ. (2010). Sivil toplum, sosyal sermaye, sosyal girişimcilik. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 5(1).
  • BORINS, S., (2000). Loose cannons and rule breakers, or enterprising leaders? Some evidence about innovative public managers, Public Administration Review, 60 (2000), pp. 498-507
  • BUDAK, G. (2015). Yoksulluğa İnovatif Bir Çözüm; Sosyal Girişimcilik. Hak İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 4(8), 21-36.
  • CAMPBELL, S., (1997), Social entrepreneurship: How to develop new social-purpose business ventures, Health Care Strategic, Management, 16 (5) (1997), pp. 17-18
  • CAMPBELL, S. (1998). Social entrepreneurship: How to develop new social-purpose business ventures. Health Care Strategic Management, 16(5): 17–18.Google Scholar
  • CCSE (Canadian Centre for Social Entrepreneurship). (2001). Social Entrepreneurship Discussion Paper No. 1.
  • COOK, B., DODDS, C., MITCHELL, W. (2001). Social entrepreneurship: False premises and dangerous forebodings. Centre of Full Employment and Equity, University of Newcastle, Working Paper No. 01-24.
  • CORNWALL, J., (1998). The entrepreneur as building block for community, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 3 (2) (1998), pp. 141-148
  • ÇOŞKUN, E., & SARIKAYA, M. (2016). Sosyal girişimcilik eğitiminde gönüllü kuruluşlar. Strategic Public Management Journal (SPMJ), 4, 72-82.
  • DEES, J. G., (1998a). The meaning of social entrepreneurship.Entrepreneur in Residence Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and Miriam and Peter Haas Centennial Professor in Public Service Graduate School of Business Stanford University.. www.gpnnet.com/perspective/social_entrepreneurship.htm.
  • DEES, J.G. (1998b), Enterprising nonprofits Harvard Business Review, 76 (1998 January–February), pp. 55-67
  • DESA, G. and KOTHA, S. (2006), Ownership, Mission and Environment:An Exploratory Analysis into theEvolution of a Technology SocialVenture, J. Mair et al. (eds.), Social Entrepreneurship, Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited.
  • DRUCKER, P. (2014). Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Fowler, A. (2000). NGDOs as a moment in history: Beyond aid to social entrepreneurship or civic innovation? Third World Quarterly, 21(4): 637–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  • FORYT, S. (2002). Social entrepreneurship in developing nations. Research Paper, INSEAD, Fontainebleau.Google Scholar
  • GÖRÜN, M., & KARA, Mustafa. (2010). Kentsel dönüşüm ve sosyal girişimcilik bağlamında Türkiye’de kentsel yaşam kalitesinin artırılması. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 137-164.
  • HENTON, D., MELVILLE, J., WALESH, K., (1997), The age of the civic entrepreneur: Restoring civil society and building economic community, National Civic Review, 86 (1997), pp. 149-156
  • HIBBERT, S.A., HOGG, G., QUINN, T. (2001), Consumer response to social entrepreneurship: The case of the Big Issue in Scotland, International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 7 (2001), pp. 288-301
  • HOCKERTS, K. N. (2003). Sustainability innovations, ecological and social entrepreneurship and the management of antagonistic assets. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University St. Gallen.Google Scholar
  • KAYALAR, M., ve ARSLAN, E. T. (2009). Ashoka’ya Üye Sosyal Girişimcilerin Türkiye ve Dünyadaki Faaliyet Alanlarının Karşılaştırılması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 1(1), 56-76.
  • KING, P.J., ROBERTS, N.C., (1987), Policy entrepreneurs: Catalysts for policy innovation, Journal of State Government, 60 (1987 July–August), pp. 172-178.
  • LARSON, A. L. (2000). Sustainable innovation through an entrepreneurship lens. Business Strategy and the Environment, 9: 304–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  • LEADBEATER, C. (1997). The rise of the social entrepreneur (No. 25). Demos.
  • MAİR, J. and NOBOA, E. (2003a). The emergence of social enterprises and their place in the new organizational landscape. Working Paper 523. IESE Business School, University of Navarra, Barcelona.Google Scholar
  • MARGOLIS, J. D. and WALSH, J. P. (2003). Misery loves companies: Rethinking social initiative by business. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48: 268–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  • ÖZDEVECİOĞLU, M., & CİNGÖZ, A. (2009). Sosyal girişimcilik ve sosyal girişimciler: Teorik çerçeve. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (32), 81-95.
  • PELTEKOĞLU, Balta Filiz (1993); Halklaİlişkilere Giriş, Marmara Üniversitesi Yayını, No: 524, İstanbul.
  • PEREDO, Ana María, MCLEAN, Murdith, (2006),Social entrepreneurship: A critical review of the concept Journal of World Business, Volume 41, Issue 1(56-65), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.10.007
  • PRABHU, G. N. (1998). Social entrepreneurial management. Leadership in Management. www.mcb.co.uk/services/conferenc/sept98/lim/paper_a2.htm
  • RYAN, W.P., (1999). The new landscape for nonprofits, Harvard Business Review, 77 (1) (1999), pp. 127-136
  • SCHALTEGGER, S. (2002). A Framework for ecopreneurship: Leading bioneers and environmental managers to ecopreneurship. Greener Management International, 38: 45–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  • SCHAPER, J., KOSTİN, S., HEİN, S., ELSÄSSER, A., ARNON, E., & ZİMMERMANN, R. (2002). Structural remodelling in heart failure. Experimental & Clinical Cardiology, 7(2-3), 64.
  • SHAW, E., SHAW, J., WILSON, M., (2002), Unsung entrepreneurs: Entrepreneurship for social gain, University of Durham Business School – The Barclays Centre for Entrepreneurship, Durham, UK.
  • SMALLBONE, D., EVANS, M., EKANEM, I., & BUTTERS, S. (2001). Researching social enterprise: Final report to the small business service. Centre for Enterprise and Economic Development Research, Middlesex University Business School, Middlesex University, UK.
  • SULLIVAN, G. Mort, WEERAWARDENA, J. ve CARNEGIE, K. (2003), Social entrepreneurship: Towards conceptualization, International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 8 (1) (2003), pp. 76-88
  • SÖNMEZ, A., ARIKER, Ç., & TOKSOY, A. (2016). Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Sosyal Girişimciliğin Gelişimi. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(37 Girişimcilik Özel Sayısı), 102-121.
  • THOMPSON, J.L., ALVY, G., LEES, A., (2000), Social entrepreneurship: A new look at the people and the potential, Management Decision, 38 (2000), pp. 328-338
  • THOMPSON, J.L., (2002), The world of the social entrepreneur, The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 15 (2002), pp. 412-431 VOLERY, T. (2002). An entrepreneur commercializes conservation: The case of Earth Sanctuaries Ltd. Greener Management International, 38: 109–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  • YILMAZ, A. S. (2014). Bir sosyal değişim ajanı olarak girişimcilik eğitimi. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken/Journal of World of Turks, 6(1), 297-310.
  • WALLACE, S. L., (1999). Social entrepreneurship: The role of social purpose enterprises in facilitating community economic development, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 4 (1999), pp. 153-174
  • WADDOCK, S. A., POST, J. E., (1991), Social entrepreneurs and catalytic change, Public Administration Review, 51, (393-407).
  • WEERAWARDENA, Jay, SULLİVANMORt, Gillian, (2006), Investigating social entrepreneurship: A multidimensional model, Journal of World Business Volume 41, Issue 1 (21-35), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.001
  • WORLD BANK. (2004). World Development Report 2004. Making services work for poor people. Washington: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar