Çağdaş Japonya’da Yeni Göçmenlik Politikasına Öncülük Etme

Dış bağlamdan bakıldığında Japonya’nın tek parçalı kültürel bir toplum gibi görünmesine rağmen, derinlemesine incelendiğinde yaygın bir şekilde algılanan tamamen homojen bir toplum ve devletten bambaşka bir görüntü sergileyen farklı gruplar ve topluluklar çeşitliliği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu farklı Japonya görüntüsü özellikle uluslararası öğrenciler ve mülteciler dalgasını artırarak çağdaş göçmenler için yeni konaklama yolları geliştirilmesiyle genişletilecektir. Aslında bu süreç 2014 yılından bu yana hükümet tarafından Japonya Yeniden Canlandırma Projesi (JRP) kapsamında politika değişiklikleri aracılığıyla kuvvetli bir şekilde desteklenmektedir. Bu makale uluslararası öğrenciler, göçmenler ve mültecilere odaklanan göçmen politikalarının mevcut etkilerini ele alır ve analiz eder. Japon yetkililer tarafından oluşturulan strateji çalışmak ya da okumak isteyen “yeni gelenlere” büyük avantajlar sağlamaktadır. Ancak aynı zamanda Japonya sınırlarında sığınma talep eden insanlar bürokrasi bariyerleri nedeniyle birçok engelle karşılaşmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Japonya, Öğrenciler, Göçmenlik, Politika

Pioneering New Immigration Policy in the Contemporary Japan

Although Japan from an outside context may exhibit a monolithic cultural society, once immersed it exposes a variety of diverse groups and communities displaying a far disparate vision from entirely homogenous society and state that is commonly perceived. This vision of diverse Japan will be extended by developing new ways of accommodation for the contemporary immigrants, especially increasing wave of international students and refugees. In fact, this process had been strongly pushed by the government since 2014, through policy changes within Japan Revitalization Project (JRP). This paper will discuss and analyses current effects of those migration policies focusing on international students, migrants and refugees. The strategy made by the Japanese authorities is giving major advantages to “newcomers” wanting to work or study. However, at the same time, people seeking refuge within borders of Japan still are facing many obstacles due to bureaucracy barriers.

Keywords:

Japan, Students, Immigration, Policy,

PDF

___

Carrigan, L. (2017, February 21). Japan’s New Permanent Residency Rules Explained. Retrieved from https://blog.gaijinpot.com/japans-new-permanent-residency-rules-explained/
Castles, S., Haas, H. D., & Miller, M. J. (2013). The Age of Migration (5th Edition ed.). Palgrave.
Chikako Kashiwazaki, T. A. (2006). Japanese Immigration Policy: Responding to Conflicting Pressures. Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved from http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/japanese-immigration-policy-responding-conflicting-pressures
Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. (2010). Koreans in Japan. Retrieved from https://spice.fsi.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/Koreans_inJapan.pdf
Hawksworth, J., & Chan, D. (2015 ). The World in 2050: Will the shift in global economic power continue? Pricewaterhouse LLP. Retrieved from http://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/the-economy/assets/world-in-2050-february-2015.pdf
Higuchi, N. (2005, December 2). BRAZILIAN MIGRATION TO JAPAN: TRENDS, MODALITIES AND IMPACT. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/esa/population/meetings/IttMigLAC/P11_Higuchi.pdf
Hollingworth, W. (2017, January 2). Study explores deafening silence in Japan’s English-language classes. Retrieved from http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/01/02/national/study-explores-deafening-silence-japans-english-language-classes/#.WLQl_fmLTD4
Japan, The Immigration Bureau of. "Start of a new residency management system." 2012. http://www.immi-moj.go.jp/newimmiact_1/pdf/NewResidencyManagementSystem-(EN).pdf
Japanese International Training Cooperation Organization. Outline of Technical Intern Training Program. 2016. http://www.jitco.or.jp/english/overview/itp/index.html
JASSO."International Students in Japan." 2015. https://www.jasso.go.jp/en/about/statistics/intl _student/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2016/04/20/data15_brief_e.pdf
Jones, C. Japan’s Constitution won’t protect revolting foreigners. October 11, 2015. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2015/10/11/issues/japans-constitution-wont-protect-revolting-foreigners/#.WJXfmGhxqUk
Miyazaki, A., & Funakoshi, M. (2017, February 9). Japan took in just 28 refugees in 2016, despite record applications. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-asylum-idUSKBN15O0UV
Murai, S. (2016, January 23). Japan recognizes only 27 refugees, despite rising numbers of applications. The Japan Times. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/01/23/national/social-issues/japan-recognizes-27-refugees-despite-rising-numbers-applications/#.WIiHiWVxqUk
Osaki, Tomohiro. Japan's foreign residents offer up insights in unprecedented survey on discrimination. March 31, 2017. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/03/31/national/japans-foreign-residents-sound-off-in-unprecedented-survey-on-discrimination/#.XH0zhrkUmM8
Peng, Ito. Japan and its immigration policies are growing old. East Asia Forum. June 7, 2016. http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2016/06/07/japan-and-its-immigration-policies-are-growing-old/
Philippines Overseas Employment Administration. "Japan needs nurses, caregivers." Philippines Overseas Employment Administration. June 21, 2016. http://www.poea.gov.ph/news/2016/06-2.pdf
Potter, David M. Evolution of Japan’s Postwar Foreign Policy . 2009. https://office.nanzan-u.ac.jp/cie/gaiyo/kiyo/pdf_09/kenkyu_03.pdf
Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet. "Japan Revitalization Strategy - Japan's challenge for the Future" June 24, 2014. http://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/keizaisaisei/pdf/honbunEN.pdf
Reynolds, I., & Roman, D. (2016, September 23). Japan grows more open to foreign workers as population declines. The Japan Times. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/09/23/national/politics-diplomacy/japan-grows-open-foreign-workers-population-declines/#.WIhqO2VxqUk
Rodionova, Z. (2017, March 21). Japan loosens permanent residency rules to keep highly skilled foreign workers and lure global talent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/japan-permanent-residency-rules-skilled-foreign-workers-lure-global-talent-ministry-justice-a7616426.html
Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. (2016). Academic Ranking of World Universities 2016 - Japan. Shanghai. Retrieved from http://www.shanghairanking.com/World-University-Rankings-2016/Japan.html
Statistic Bureau of Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications. (2016). Japan Statistical Yearbook 2017. Statistic Bureau. Retrieved from http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/66nenkan/zuhyou/y662529000.xls
The immigration Bureau of Japan. Points-based System for Highly Skilled Foreign Professionals. 2017. http://www.immi-moj.go.jp/newimmiact_3/en/system/index.html
The Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Law. (2014). Foreign nationals who are permitted to work in Japan and those who are not. 2014. http://tokyo-foreigner.jsite.mhlw.go.jp/english/seekers_1/spec/spec_1a.html
The Japan Foundation. Japanese-Language Pre-training Program for Indonesian and Filipino Candidates for Nurses and Care Workers under Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA). 2015. https://www.jpf.go.jp/e/project/japanese/education/training/epa/
The Japan Times. 70% of foreign students shun offers from University of Tokyo degree programs in English. March 29, 2015. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/03/29/national/70-of-foreign-students-shun-offers-from-university-of-tokyo-degree-programs-in-english/#.WKamKWhxqUl
The Ministry of Education. "Overseas Study by Japanese National." 2015
The Ministry of Education. The Number of Japanese National Studying Overseas and the Annual Survey of International Students in Japan. February 27, 2015. http://www.mext.go.jp/en/news/topics/detail/1372624.htm
The Ministry of Education. "Top Global University Project." September 2014. https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/houdou/26/09/_icsFiles/afield-file/2014/10/07/1352218_02.pdf
The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication. (2016). Japan Statistical Yearbook 2017. http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/nenkan/66nenkan/index.htm
The Ministry of Justice. "Immigration Control." Part I. Immigration Control in Recent Years. Tokyo, 2015.
The Ministry of Justice. "Japanese Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act." 2006. http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/3ae6b5754.pdf
The UN Refugee Agency. (2016, September 30 ). Donors. http://www.unhcr.org/donors.html
The United Nations. Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act. 1951. http://www.immi-moj.go.jp/english/newimmiact/pdf/RefugeeRecognitionAct01.pdf