ZEYTİNYAĞINDA MİNİMAL RAFİNASYON UYGULAMASININ İŞLEM PERFORMANSI VE KALİTE KRİTERLERİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Bu çalışmada rafinajlık zeytinyağı, sodyum hidroksit (NaOH), magnezyum oksit (MgO) ve kalsiyum hidroksit (Ca(OH)2) olacak şekilde farklı kuvvetteki alkaliler ile asitlik giderme işlemine, natürel ve asitle aktifleştirilmiş değişken oranlardaki (%0.1-%0.5-%0.9) ağartma toprakları ile renk açma işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. NaOH ve MgO ile SYA miktarının etkin biçimde azaldığı ve rafinasyon kaybının Ca(OH)2’ye göre düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Başlangıç TOTOX değeri 152.02 olan rafinajlık yağlarda bu değerin NaOH ve MgO ile gerçekleştirilen asitlik giderme işlemleri sonrasında sırasıyla 47.82 ve 56.9’a düştüğü ancak Ca(OH)2 ile 123.53 düzeyinde kaldığı görülmektedir. Asitliği giderilen örnekler arasında en yüksek fenolik bileşen içeriği 175.3 mg/kg ile NaOH örneğinde tespit edilmiştir. Natürel ağartma topraklarının kullanılmasının biyoaktif bileşenler açısından önemli bir koruma sağlamadığı ancak artan oranlarda kullanıldığında işlem etkinliği açısından asitle aktifleştirilmiş topraklara göre daha etkin sonuçlar verdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

minimal rafinasyon, zeytinyağı, asitlik giderme, renk açma, biyoaktif bileşen, tokoferol, fenolik bileşenler

EVALUATION OF MINIMAL REFINING IN OLIVE OIL IN TERMS OF PROCESSING PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY CRITERIA

In this study, lampante olive oil was subjected to acidification treatment with alkalis with different strengths namely, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), magnesium oxide (MgO) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and bleached with natural and acid-activated bleaching earths at variable ratios (0.1% - 0.5% - 0.9%). A decrease in the amount of FFA effectively achieved with NaOH and MgO and the refining loss is lower than Ca(OH)2. Initial TOTOX value of 152.02, decreased to 47.82 and 56.9, respectively, after the de-acidification processes performed with NaOH and MgO, but remained at the level of Ca(OH)2 and 123.53. Among the neutralized samples, the highest phenolic component content was found in the NaOH sample with 175.3 mg/kg. The use of natural bleaching soils in bleaching processes does not provide significant protection in terms of bioactive components, but when used at increasing rates, it gives more effective results than acid activated soils in terms of processing efficiency.

Keywords:

minimal refining, olive oil, neutralization, bleaching, bioactive components, tocopherol, phenolic compounds,

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