YER FISTIĞI (Arachis Hypogaea L.) YAĞININ FARKLI ÇÖZÜCÜLER KULLANILARAK DEĞİŞKEN GÜÇ VE FREKANSLARDA ULTRASON DESTEKLİ EKSTRAKSİYONU

Bu çalışmada, ultrason destekli ekstraksiyonla elde edilen yer fıstığı yağının ekstrakiyon verimi ve yağ asidi bileşimi üzerine farklı frekans ve ultrasonik gücün etkileri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca yağ ekstraksiyonunda yaygın olarak tercih edilen hekzan yerine, daha az toksik ve çevreye daha duyarlı bir çözücü olan etanolün kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Etanol ve hekzana ait en yüksek ekstraksiyon verimleri 37 kHz frekans ve %80 güçte elde edilmiştir ve sırasıyla %40.55 ve %45.19 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Hekzan verimlerinin tüm örneklerde etanole göre yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 37 kHz ve 80 kHz frekanstaki etanol ekstraktlarının verimleri arasındaki fark istatistik olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Varyans analizi sonucunda, hekzan verimleri üzerine yalnızca frekansın etkili olduğu belirlenirken, etanol verimleri üzerine işlem koşullarının interaksiyon etkileri tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular frekans artışının verimde azalmaya neden olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, uygulanan farklı işlem koşullarının yağ asidi bileşiminde önemli bir etki göstermediği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon, Etanol, Yer fıstığı yağı, Oleik asit, Frekans, Ultrasonik güç

ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF PEANUT (Arachis Hypogaea L.) OIL UNDER VARYING POWER AND FREQUENCIES USING DIFFERENT SOLVENTS

The effects of extraction frequency and ultrasonic power on the extraction yield and fatty acid composition of peanut oil were studied. Also, the usability of ethanol as a less toxic and environmentally friendly alternative to hexane –the most common solvent in conventional oil extraction– was investigated. The highest extraction yields for ethanol and hexane were respectively %40.55 and %45.19 at 37 kHz frequency and 80% ultrasonic power. It was determined that all samples extracted with hexane had higher extraction yields than those of ethanol. The differences between the ethanolic extraction yields at 37 and 80 kHz were statistically significant. The major factor affecting the extraction yield was the frequency for hexane; while interactional effects of all process conditions were significant for ethanolic extraction. The increment of ultrasonic frequency caused a decrease in the extraction yields. Results revealed that different processing conditions did not significantly affect fatty acid compositions.

Keywords:

Ultrasound-assisted extraction, Ethanol, Peanut oil, Oleic acid, Frequency, Ultrasonic power,

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