TÜRKİYE’DE YETİŞEN BITTIM (PISTACIA TEREBINTHUS L.) VE FISTIK (PISTACIA VERA) YAĞLARININ YAĞ ASİDİ, STEROL, TOKOL KOMPOZİSYONLARI, TOPLAM FENOLİK MADDE MİKTARLARI VE ANTİOKSİDAN AKTİVİTELERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Antep, Siirt ve Mardin yörelerinde yetişen bıttım ve fıstık örnekleri toplam yağ içeriği, yağ asidi, sterol, tokol kompozisyonları, toplam fenolik madde miktarları ve antioksidan aktiviteleri (oksijen radikali absorbans kapasitesi-ORAC) yönünden incelenmiştir. Örneklerin yağ miktarlarının 50.33 ile 54.00 g/100 g arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Tanımlanan sekiz yağ asidi arasında sırasıyla, en fazla 18:1ω9 (%55.78-75.10), 18:2ω6c, 16:0 ve 18:0 bulunmuştur. Dokuz sterol ve yedi tokol izoformu (4 tokoferol ve 3 tokotrienol) arasında ise β-sitosterol (148.40-205.90 mg/100 g) ve γ-tokoferolün (33.57-43.94 mg/100 g) ilk sırada yer aldığı saptanmıştır. Örneklerin, toplam fenolik madde içeriğinin ise 3.03 - 4.52 mg gallik asit eşdeğer (GAE)/100 g yağ aralığında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Örnekler antioksidan aktivite açısından değerlendirildiğinde, ORAC değerlerinin 371.23-736.48 µmol Trolox eşdeğer (TE)/100 g yağ aralığında değiştiği gözlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre; farklı fıstık türlerinden elde edilen yağların, yağda çözünür biyoaktif bileşikler açısından zengin birer kaynak olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Fıstık, bıttım, yağ asitleri, tokoller, steroller, toplam fenol

DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACID, STEROL, TOCOL COMPOSITIONS, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF TURPENTINE (PISTACIA TEREBINTHUS L.) AND PISTACHIO (PISTACIA VERA) OILS GROWN IN TURKEY

Oils of turpentines and pistachios from Antep, Siirt and Mardin regions were evaluated for their fatty acid, tocol, and sterol compositions as well as total phenolic contents and oxygen radical absorbance capacities (ORAC). The oil content of the samples varied between 50.33 and 54.00 g/100 g nuts. Eight fatty acids were identified, among which 18:1ω9 predominated (55.78 - 75.10 %) in all samples, followed by 18:2ω6c, 16:0, and 18:0. Among nine phytosterols and seven tocol isoforms, β-sitosterol (148.40-205.90 mg/100 g) and γ-tocopherol (33.57-43.94 mg/100 g) were predominant in samples. Total phenolic contents ranged from 3.03 to 4.52 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g oil. With regard to antioxidant activity, ORAC values were in the range of 371.23-736.48 µmol of Trolox equivalents (TE)/100 g oil. According to the results of the study, these oils extracted from different species, serve as a good source of nutrients, fat-soluble bioactives, and health-promoting components.

Keywords:

Pistachio turpentine, fatty acids, tocols, sterols, total phenols, antioxidant activity,

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