TAHIL VE BAKLİYAT ESASLI GIDALARDA FERMANTASYON İŞLEMİNİN BESİNSEL ÖZELLİKLER VE BİYOAKTİF BİLEŞENLER ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Birçok ülkede, tahılları veya tahıl ve bakliyat karışımlarını içeren, doğal fermantasyon ile veya starter kültür kullanılarak üretilebilen çok sayıda geleneksel fermente gıda bulunmaktadır. Genellikle karmaşık bir mikrofloraya sahip olan bu ürünlerde, fermantasyon işleminin ürünün besinsel kalitesi ve biyoaktif bileşenleri üzerinde oldukça etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Tahıl tanesinin doğal mikroflorasına bağlı olarak, bu ürünlerde genellikle laktik asit bakterileri tarafından gerçekleştirilen laktik asit fermantasyonu ve mayalar tarafından gerçekleştirilen etil alkol fermantasyonu görülmektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda, tahıl ve bakliyatlara uygulanan fermantasyon işlemi ile, bu gıdaların elzem aminoasit ve vitamin miktarları ile sindirilebilirliklerinin arttığı ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca; fermantasyon sırasında; fenolik asitler, flavonoidler, folik asit, lignanlar ve gama-aminobutirik asit gibi önemli biyoaktif bileşiklerin kayda değer ölçüde arttığı rapor edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Fermente tahıl ürünleri, Biyoaktif bileşikler, Besinsel özellikler, Fermente bakliyat ürünleri, Laktik asit fermantasyonu

EFFECT OF FERMENTATION PROCESS ON NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF CEREAL AND LEGUME BASED FOODS

In many countries, there are a lot of traditional fermented foods containing cereals or legumes which are produced by spontaneous fermentation or by using starter culture. It is known that fermentation process is very effective on nutritional value and bioactive compounds of these products which usually have a complex micro-flora. According to the natural micro-flora of the cereal grain, lactic acid fermentation and ethyl alcohol fermentation occurs in these products accompanied by lactic acid bacteria and yeasts, respectively. It was demonstrated in recent studies that essential amino acid content, vitamin content and digestibility of cereal and legume based foods increased by fermentation process. In addition, it was reported that contents of important bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, folic acid, lignans and gamma-aminobutyric acid increased considerably during fermentation.

Keywords:

Fermented cereal products, Fermented legume products, Bioactive compounds, Nutritional properties, Lactic acid fermentation,

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