Süt ve Ürünlerinde CO2 Uygulamaları – I: Genel Bilgiler

Dağıtım şeklindeki değişiklikler ve tüketicilerin daha kaliteli ürünlere olan ilgisi; steril olmayan sütçülük ürünlerinin raf ömrünün geliştirilmesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur. Soğutulmuş ürünlerin raf ömrünün uzatılması; bozulmaya neden olan mikroorganizmaların gelişme oranının dolayısıyla da ürününün bozulmasının redüksiyonu sonucu meydana gelmektedir. Ürünlerin üretiminde hammaddeden kaynaklanan başlangıç bakteriyel yükün azaltılması, pastörizasyon sisteminin geliştirilmesi ve üretim işlemlerinden önceki kontaminasyonun önlenmesi gibi uygulamalar raf ömrünün uzatılmasında etkilidir. Antimikrobiyal katkıların kullanımı ise mevzuatlar ve toksisite riski gibi nedenlerle tercih edilmemektedir. Karbon dioksit doğal olarak meydana gelen bir süt bileşenidir ve kesin mekanizması henüz anlaşılamamasına rağmen, ürünlerde bazı bozulma oluşturan mikroorganizmalara karşı inhibitör etkilidir. Modifiye atmosferde paketleme ile birlikte CO2 ilavesi veya direkt enjeksiyonu tüm dünyada ticari anlamda uygulanan ve diğerlerine göre tercih edilen, uygun maliyetli bir raf ömrü uzatma metodudur. Bu çalışmada CO2 kullanılarak sütçülük ürünlerinin kalitesinin geliştirilmesi konusunda geçmişteki ve günümüzdeki araştırmalar detaylı olarak irdelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Karbon dioksit, çiğ süt, raf ömrü, paketleme

Carbondioxide Application on Milk and Dairy Products – I: General Informations (Turkish with English Abstract)

Changes in distribution patterns and demand for increased food quality have resulted in a desire to improve the shelf life of nonsterile dairy products. Refrigerated shelf life extension typically requires, at a minimum, reductions in the growth rate of spoilage microorganisms and subsequent product deterioration. Reducing initial bacterial loads, increasing pasteurization regimes and reducing postprocessing contamination have all been employed with measured success. The use of antimicrobial additives has been discouraged primarily due to labeling requirements and perceived toxicity risks. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a naturally occurring milk component and inhibitory toward select dairy spoilage microorganisms; however, the precise mechanism is not fully understood. CO2 addition through modified atmosphere packaging or direct injection as a cost-effective shelf life extension strategy is used commercially worldwide for some dairy products and is being considered for others as well. New CO2 technologies are being developed for improvements in the shelf life, quality and yield of a diversity of dairy products, including raw and pasteurized milk, cheeses, cottage cheese, yogurt and fermented dairy beverages. Here we present a comprehensive review of past and present research related to quality improvement of such dairy products using CO2 .

Keywords:

Carbon dioxide, raw milk, shelf life, packaging ,

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