Bilal AĞIRMAN, Meltem Necla AKALIN, Hüseyin ERTEN

MEYVE VE SEBZELERDE HASAT SONRASI FUNGAL HASTALIKLARIN ANTAGONİSTİK MAYALAR İLE BİYOKONTROLÜ

Dünya genelinde taze meyve ve sebzelerde meydana gelen ve %50 oranına kadar ulaşabilen önemli kayıplar çoğunlukla hasat sonrası hastalıklardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Günümüzde, hasat sonrası hastalıklara neden olan patojenlerin kontrolünde sentetik fungusit kullanımı ön plana çıkmaktadır. Ancak, toplumun gıda zincirinde kimyasal kalıntıyı azaltma isteği ve fungusit dirençli patojenlerin gelişmesi hasat sonrası hastalıkların kontrolünde etkili ve güvenilir yeni kontrol stratejilerinin araştırılmasına yol açmıştır. Hasat edilen meyve ve sebzelerde meydana gelen kayıpların azaltılması amacıyla sentetik fungusit kullanımına alternatif olarak biyokontrol ajanların kullanımı umut verici bir yöntem olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Biyokontrol amacıyla kullanılan çeşitli mikrobiyel ajanlar arasından özellikle mayaların önemi genellikle antibiyotik üretmemeleri, çok sayıda patojene karşı etkili olmaları vs. gibi birçok olumlu özelliğinden dolayı vurgulanmıştır. Bu derlemede; meyve-sebzelerde meydana gelen hasat sonrası hastalıklar, biyokontrol, antagonist ve fungal patojenler hakkında bilgi verilmiş, antagonizm mekanizmaları, mikrobiyel antagonistlerin biyoetkinliklerini arttırma yöntemleri ve mikrobiyel antagonistlerin ticari uygulamaları detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmış ve literatürde yapılan son çalışmalar özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Biyokontrol, antagonist, fungal patojen, meyve-sebze, maya

BIOCONTROL OF POSTHARVEST FUNGAL DISEASES IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES BY ANTAGONISTIC YEASTS

Postharvest diseases account for significant amount of postharvest losses of fruit and vegetables worldwide. Today, use of synthetic chemical fungicides is principal method of controlling postharvest pathogens. However, increasing concerns regarding residues of fungicides in food supply and development of fungicide resistant pathogens have prompted the search for safer alternative disease management strategies. Usage of biocontrol agents (BCAs) has emerged as one of the most promising methods to decrease postharvest losses. Among various microbial agents, use of antagonistic yeasts has been especially emphasized due to production of antibiotics is not involved in their inhibitory activities and they are effective against a wide range of pathogens. Current review provides a brief overview on postharvest diseases of fruit and vegetables, biocontrol, antagonist and fungal pathogens. Additionally, mode of action of yeasts, enhancing the bioefficacy of antagonists and commercial applications of BCAs have been discussed and recent studies in literature have been summarized.

Keywords:

antagonist, Biocontrol, fungal pathogen, fruits, vegetables,

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