Koyun ve İnek Sütü Karışımından Yapılan Beyaz Peynirlerde Süt Türü Oranının Belirlenmesi

Bu çalışmada, Beyaz peynir üretiminde kullanılan süt türlerinin tanımlanmasında elektroforez (SDS-PAGE ve native-PAGE) yöntemlerinin ayırma düzeyi incelenmiştir. Peynirler koyun, inek sütü karışımından (% 3, 5, 10, 20 ve 100) elde edilmiştir. Elektroforetik analizler, çiğ süt ve 1, 30, 60, ve 90 günlük peynir örnekleri üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerek SDS-PAGE, gerekse native-PAGE ile koyun sütünde inek sütü varlığının % 5 oranına dek olanı tespit edilebilmiştir. Peynirlerde ise inek sütünün belirlenmesi daha zor bir durum göstermesine rağmen, inek αs-kazeininin belirleyiciliğinden yararlanıldığında, burada da %5' lik bir oranın sağlanabileceği anlaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Beyaz peynir, SDS-PAGE, native-PAGE

Determination of Sheep’s And Cow’s Milk Ratio in the White Cheese Made from Mixture of These Two Milk (Turkish with English Abstract)

In this study, we investigated a distinguish level of electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE and native-PAGE) methods for identification of the kind of milk used in cheese making. The cheeses were manufactured from the mixes of cow's and sheep's milk (3, 5, 10, 20 and 100 %). For electrophoretic analysis, samples were taken samples of mixtures of milk after mixing (raw); samples of each of the resulting cheeses after ripening 1, 30, 60 and 90 days. By SDS-PAGE and native-PAGE 5 % of cow's milk in sheep's milk (raw) was measurable. Although detection of cow's milk in cheese were more difficult, they were possible to detect 5 % by a band similar to bovine αs-casein.

Keywords:

White cheese, SDS-PAGE, native-PAGE,

PDF

___

Uraz T. 1979. Peynirlerde Aci Tad›n oluflumu. Ankara Ü. Ziraat Fak. Yayinlari No: 730 Ankara. i2. Adam RC. 1974. Koyun Sütü. Ege Ü. Ziraat F. Yayin No: 195. 65 s. Izmir.
Amigo L, Ibanez I, Fernandez C, Santa-Maria G, and Ramos M, 1989. Comparison of an Electrophoretic and an Immunological Method for the Determination of Goat and Cow Milk in Cheese. Milchwissenschaft, 44 (4) 215-218.
Amigo L, Ramos M, Calvo L, Barbosa M. 1992. Comparision of Electrophoresis, Isoelectric Focusing and Immunodiffision in Determinations of Cow’s and Cow’s milk in Serra de Estrella Cheese. Le Lait, 72:95-101.
Furtado MM. 1983. Detection of Cows Milk in Goat Milk by Poliacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. Journal of Dairy Science, 66:1822-1824.
Ng-kwai-hang KF, Kroeker EM. 1984. Rapid Separation and Quantification of Major Casein and Whey Protein of Bovine Milk by Poliacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. Journal Dairy Science, 67:3052-3056.
Farkye NY, Kiely LJ, Allshouse RD, Kindstedt PS. 1991. Proteolysis in Mozzarella Cheese During Refrigerated Storage. Journal Dairy Science, 74:1433-1438.
Ramos M, Martinez-Castro I, Juarez M. 1977. Detection of Cows’ Milk in Manchego Cheese. Journal of Dairy Science, 60 (6) 870-877.
Haasnoot W, Venema DP, Elenbaas HL. 1986. Determination of Cow Milk in the Milk and Cheese of Ewes and Goats By Fast Protein Liquid Chromotography. Milchwisseschaft, 41 (10) 642-645.
Iverson JL, Sheppard AJ. 1989. Detection of Adultration in Cow, Goat and Sheep Cheeses Utilizing Gas-Liquit Chromatographic Fatty Acid Data. J. Dairy Science, 72:1707-1712.
Gonzalez de Llano D, Ramos M. 1990. Update on HPLC and FPLC Analysis of Nitrogen Compounds in Dairy Products. Le Lait, 70:255-277.
Addeo F, Moio L, Chianese L, Stingo C. 1990. Improved Procedure For Detecting Bovine and Ovine Milk Mixtures in Cheese by Soelectric Focusing of Para-K-Kazein. Milchwisseschaft, 45 (4) 221-224.
Garcia T, Martin R, Rodriguez E, Morales P, Hernandez PE, Sanz B. 1990. Detection of Bovine Milk in Ovine Milk by an Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. J. Dairy Science, 73:1489-1493.
Rodriguez E, Martin R, Garcia T, Gonzalez I, Morales P, Sanz B, Hernandez PE. 1993. Detection of Cows’ Milk in Ewes’ Milk and Cheese by a Sandwich Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). J. Sci. Food Agricalture, 61:175-180.
Levieux D, Venien A. 1994. Rapid, Sensitive Two-Site ELISA for Detection of Cows’ Milk in Goats’ or Ewes’ Using Monoclonal Antibodies. Journal of Dairy Research, 61:91-99.
Addeo F, Nichola MA, Chianese L, Moio L, Spagna Musso S, Bocca A, Del Giovine L.1995. A control Method to Detect Bovine Milk in Ewe and Water Buffalo Cheese Using Immunoblotting. Milchwisseschaft, 50 (2) 83-85.
Cattaneo TMP, Nigro F, Toppino PM, Pasquini M, Greppi GF. 1995.Analysis of Cow, Goat and Ewe Milk Mixtures by Cappillary Zone Electrophoresis (CZE): A Preliminary Approach.Production and Utilization of Ewe and Goat Milk. Proceedings of The IDF/Greek National Committee of IDF CIRVAL Seminer. 265 p. Greece.
Anguita G, Martin R, Garcia T, Morales P, Haza AI, Gonzales I, Sanz B, Hernandez PE. 1996. Immunostick ELISA for Detection of Cow’s Milk in Ewe’s Milk and Cheese Using a Monoclonal Antibody Against Bovine β-kazein. Journal of Food Protection, 59 (4) 436-437.
Richter W, Krause I, Graf C, Sperrer I, Schwarzer C, Klostemeyer H. 1997. An Indirect Competitive ELISA for the Detection of Cows’ Milk and Caseinate in Goats’ and Ewes’ Milk and Cheese Using Polyclonal Antibodies Against Bovine γ-kasein. Z. Lebensm. Unters Farsch A, 204:21-26.
Eralp M, Metin M, fiahin M, Sezgin E. 1974. Ankara Dolaylari Sütlerinden Beyaz peynir imalati Tekniginin islahi Üzerinde Arastirmalar. TÜBITAK. TAOG/TBTTAK yay. 207, 44 s, Ankara
Izmen ER. 1964. Süt ve mamülleri teknolojisi. A.Ü.Z.F.Yay. No:555. A.Ü.Basimevi. 598 s, Ankara.
Tunail N, Uraz T, Alpar O, Halkman K. 1984. izole sufllarla ve Ticari Laktik asit Bakterileri ile Yapilan Beyaz Peynirlerde, Mikroorganizma Kalite iliskisinin Belirlenmesi Üzerinde Arastirmalar. TÜBITAK projesi Tarmik-2, 77 s, Ankara..
IDF (International Dairy Federation). 1980. Milk and Milk Products Guide a Sampling Techniques.International Standart. IDF 50 A.
AOAC. 1984.Official Methods of the Analysis of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. The Association of Agricultural Chemists..Fourtheenth Edition. 308 p.Washington.
IDF (International Dairy Federation). 1958. Determination of Dry Matter in Cheese and Processed Cheese. International standart. IDF 4.
TSE (Türk Standartlari Enstitüsü). 1981. Çig Süt. TS.1018. Ankara. 11 s.
Alais C. 1984. Principes des Techniques Laitiers. Science du Lait, 4é ed. 196- 197 p, Paris.
TSE (Türk Standartlari Enstitüsü). 1989. Beyaz Peynir. TS.591. Ankara. 9 s.
TSE (Türk Standartlari Enstitüsü). 1978. Peynirde Yag Miktar› Tayini. (Van Gulik Metodu). TS.3046 4 s, Ankara.
Grippon JC, Desmazeaud MJ, et Le Beas D, Bergere JH. 1975. Role des Micro-organsmes et des Enzymes du Cours de la Maturation. Le Lait, 55 (548) 502-516.
Uraz T. 1978. Yogurda islenen Degisik Tür Sütlerin Poliakrilamid Jel Elektroforezi Yardimiyla Ayirt Edilmesi Üzerinde Çalismalar. I. inek ve Keçi Sütü Karisimi. Ankara Ü. Ziraat F. Yilligi, 28 (2) 503-520.
Assenat L. 1967. Contribution a L’étude d’une Méthode d’identification des Laits et Fromages au Moyen de L’électrphorese sur Gel de Polyacrylamide. Le Lait, 468:495-502.
Özer HB. 1997. Rheologogical properties of Labneh (concantrated yoghurt). Doktora Tezi The University of Reading, UK.
Gürsoy A. 1995. Beyaz Peynire Tuz Geçiflini Etkileyen Bazi Faktörler Üzerinde Arastirmalar. Ankara Ü. Fen Bil. Ens. Doktora tezi, Ankara.
Alpkent, Z. 1987. Kis Aylarinda Samsun il Merkezinde Tüketime Sunulan Beyaz Peynirlerin Tüzük ve Standarda Uygunlugu Üzerinde Arafltirmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara.
Uraz T, simflek B. 1998. Ankara Piyasasinda Satilan Beyaz Peynirlerin Proteoliz Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. Gida, 23 (5) 371-375.
Yildirim M. 1991. Hidrojen Peroksit ile Korunmus Sütlerden Yapilan Beyaz Peynirlerin Bazi Mikrobiyolojik Nitelikleri Üzerinde Arafltirmalar.Ankara Ü. Fen Bil. Ens. Yüksek Lisans tezi. Ankara.
Pierre A, d Portmann A. 1970. Emploi de L’electrophorese en gel de polyacrylamide pour metre en evidence et doser le lait de vache ajoute au lait de chevre application au cas des fromages. Ann. Technol. Agric, 19 (2)107-130.
Ramos M, Juarez M. 1986. Chrotomatographic, Electrophoretic and Immunological Methods for Detecting Mixtures of Milk from Different Species. Bull. International Dairy Fed. 202:175-187.
Gönülalan Z. 1998. Peynir Bileflimine Giren Süt Türlerinin Poliakrilamid Jel Elektroforezi (PAGE) ile Tespit Edilmesi. Firat Ü. Saglik Bilimleri Ens. Md. (Doktora Tezi). 72 s, Elazig
Mutluer B, Akgün S, Dinçer B. 1994. Koyun sütü ve Salamura Beyaz Peynirlerinde inek Sütü Karisimlarinin ELISA Yöntemi ile Saptanmasi. TÜBITAK Veterinerlik ve Hayvancilik Arastirma Grubu. Proje No: VHAG-959.