Gıdalarda Genetik Yapısı Değiştirilmiş Organizmaların (GDO) Belirlenmesi

Genetiği değiştirilmiş organizmalar (GDO) kullanılarak elde edilen ürünler artan bir şekilde dünyanın gıda kaynağı olarak tanıtılmakta ve genetiği değiştirilmiş (GD) gıdalar sıklıkla gündemde yer almaktadır. Avrupa birliği komisyonu, GDO kullanılarak elde edilen ve tespit edilebilir miktarlarda DNA veya protein içeren gıda ürünlerinin ve içeriklerinin etiketlenmesi gerektiğini öngörmektedir. Bu aşamada, genetik modifikasyonun belirlenmesi (kalitatif analiz) ve ölçümü (kantitatif analiz) oldukça önemli olmaktadır. Bundan dolayı, GDO’nun belirlenmesi, ölçümü ve izlenmesi için güvenilir, tekrarlanabilir, doğru ve hassas yöntemler gerekmektedir. Bu derlemede genetik değişiklikler, protein ve DNA esaslı kalitatif ve kantitatif GDO tanımlama yöntemleri, bu yöntemlerin uygulama zorlukları ve gelişmekte olan yeni teknolojiler incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Genetiği değiştirilmiş gıdalar, modifikasyon, GDO tespiti, PZR

Detection of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in Food (Turkish with English Abstract)

Products obtained by using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are increasingly being introduced into the world’s food supply and genetically modified (gm) foods are often in the news. Commission of the european communities recommended that food products and ingredients containing detectable amounts of DNA or proteins, obtained by using GMO have to be labeled. In this point; detection (qualitative analysis) and quantification (quantitative analysis) of genetic modification is becoming increasingly important. Therefore; reliable, reproducible, accurate and sensitive methods are neededfor detection, quantification, and monitoring of GMO. In this review, genetic modifications, qualitative and quantitative GMO detection methods based on protein and DNA analysis, the difficulties in the application of these methods and developing new technologies were investigated.

Keywords:

Genetically modified food, modification, GMO detection, PCR.,

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