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GIDA PROTEİNLERİNDEN ELDE EDİLEN BİYOAKTİF PEPTİDLER: FONKSİYONLARI VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNDE OYNADIĞI ROLLERE GÖRE SINIFLANDIRILMASI

Gıda proteinleri; besinsel, biyolojik ve fonksiyonel aktivitelerin önemli bir bölümünde rol almaktadır. Amino asit dizilerine bağlı olarak, gıda proteini kaynaklı peptidler kardiyovasküler, endokrin, bağışıklık ve sinir sistemleri üzerindeki etkileri gibi çok sayıda fonksiyonel aktivite göstermektedirler. Bu peptidler; kan basıncını düşürücü (ACE inhibitörü) etkileri, antimikrobiyel özellikleri, kolesterolü düşürme yeteneği, mineral bağlama yeteneği, antitrombotik ve antioksidan aktiviteleri, immünomodülatör etkileri ve opioid aktiviteleri dahil olmak üzere sağlık üzerinde çeşitli etkilere sahiptirler. Bu fonksiyonel peptidler, öncül protein molekülü içerisinde inaktif formda ya da gizlenmiş olarak bulunmaktadırlar ve in vivo gastrointestinal sindirim, proteolitik starter kültürler ile gıda fermantasyonu veya proteolitik enzimler ile gerçekleştirilen hidroliz sırasında aktifleşmektedirler. Bu derlemede, gıda kaynaklı biyoaktif peptidlerin fonksiyonel özellikleri üzerinde durulmakta olup terapatik bileşenler ve fonksiyonel gıda bileşenleri olarak kullanımları değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

gıda proteinleri, biyoaktif peptidler, proteolitik enzimler, hidroliz, sağlık etkileri

FOOD PROTEINS-DERIVED BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES: FUNCTIONS AND CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO THEIR ROLES ON HEALTH

Food proteins play a role in an important part of nutritional, biological, and functional activities. Depending on their amino acid sequences, food protein-derived peptides exhibit several functional activities such as effects on the cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, and nervous systems. These peptides have different health effects, including blood pressure-lowering (ACE inhibitory) effects, antimicrobial properties, cholesterol-lowering ability, mineral binding ability, antithrombotic and antioxidant activities, immunomodulatory effects, and opioid activities. These functional peptides are inactive or hidden within the sequence of the parent protein molecule and are activated during in vivo gastrointestinal digestion, fermentation of food with proteolytic starter cultures, or hydrolysis via proteolytic enzymes. In this review, the functional properties of food-derived bioactive peptides are dwelled on and their usage as therapeutic ingredients and functional food ingredients are evaluated.

Keywords:

food proteins, bioactive peptides, proteolytic enzymes, hydrolysis, health effects,

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