Deniz YÜZBAŞIOĞLU, Nazmiye ZENGİN, Fatma ÜNAL

Gıda Koruyucuları ve Genotoksisite Testleri

Günümüzde gıda katkı maddeleri gibi kimyasal madde kullanımının her alanda hızla artması sonucunda bu kimyasal maddelerin canlıların genetik yapısında olumsuz etkileri olup olmadığının tespit edilmesi son derece önem kazanmıştır. Gıda katkı maddeleri, lezzet, görünüş, doku ve besin değerini korumak için gıdalara eklenen maddelerdir. Gıda koruyucu maddelerin genotoksik potansiyellerinin araştırılması ve gıda güvenliğinin sağlanması halk sağlığının iyileştirilmesinde önemli konulardan biridir. Genotoksisite çalışmaları, gen mutasyonları, kromozom anormallikleri veya diğer formlardaki DNA hasarının indüksiyonu ile bir maddenin DNA’yı bozma kabiliyetini değerlendirir. Fiziksel ve kimyasal ajanların meydana getirdiği genetik hasarın düzeyi ve insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri memeli hücreleri, bakteri, Drosophila veya bitkilerin kullanıldığı çeşitli test sistemleriyle belirlenebilmektedir. Bu derlemede, gıda koruyucu maddelerinin genotoksik etkileri ile ilgili yapılmış olan yayınlar derlenmiş ve farklı test sistemleriyle gerçekleştirilmiş genotoksisite testlerinin sonuçları sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Gıda katkı maddeleri, koruyucular, genotoksisite testleri.

Food Preservatives and Genotoxicity Tests (Turkish with English Abstract)

As a result of fast increase in use of chemical substances such as food additives in all areas; determining whether these chemical substances have negative effect in the genetic structure of living things has gained much importance. Food additives are the substances added to food with the aim of preserve flavor, appearance, texture and nutritional value. Investigating the genotoxic potential of food preservatives and ensuring food safety are very important issues in improvement of public health. Genotoxicity studies evaluate a substance in terms of its ability for interfering with DNA through induction of gene mutations, chromosome aberrations or other forms of DNA damage. The level of genetic damage caused by physical and chemical agents and their effects on human health can be determined in mammalian cells, bacteria, Drosophila or plants through various test systems. In this review, publications about genotoxic effects of food preservatives have been compiled and the results of genotoxicity tests carried out in different test systems have been submitted.

Keywords:

Food additives, Preservatives, Genotoxicity tests ,

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