Hakan İSTANBULLUOĞLU, Recai OĞUR, Mahir GÜLEÇ

Pestisit maruziyeti ve nörolojik bozukluklar

Amaç: Bu derlemede özet olarak; günümüzde pestisit maruziyeti sonucu gelişen nörolojik etkilerin ve nörolojik hastalıklar ile pestisit maruziyeti arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ana Bulgular: Bilinen pestisitlerin yüksek dozlarına akut olarak maruziyet iyi bilinen bir toksik tabloya sebep olmaktadır. Kronik maruziyetin de nörotoksik olduğu bilinmektedir, fakat ayrıntıları tam olarak anlaşılamamış bir konudur. Konu ile ilgili araştırmaların büyük kısmı pestisit maruziyetinin, nörolojik semptomların sıklığında ve nörodavranışsal değişikliklerde artışa sebep olduğunu söylemektedir. Söz konusu maruziyetin duyusal ve motor nöron fonksiyon kayıpları ile periferik sinir iletimi bozukluğuna sebep olduğunu ifade eden sınırlı sayıda çalışma vardır. Pestisit maruziyetinin Parkinson hastalığına sebep olduğunu ileri süren pek çok çalışma olsa da, nörodejeneratif hastalıklar ile ilgili aynı şeyi söylemek mümkün değildir. Sonuç: Planlanacak yeni çalışmaların pestisit maruziyetinin kişisel ve intrauterin etkilerinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik olmasına ve organofosfatlar dışında diğer pestisit grupları ile yapılacak çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu değerlendirilmiştir.

Pesticide exposure and neurologic failure

Objective: In this review, we summarize briefly what is known about the neurotoxic effects of pesticide exposure, and then discuss the relationship of pesticide exposure to neurological disease. Main findings: Poisoning by acute high-level exposure to certain pesticides has well-known neurotoxic effects, but whether chronic exposure to pesticides is also neurotoxic is more controversial. Most studies of pesticide exposure have found increased prevalence of neurological symptoms and changes in neurobehavioral performance. There is less evidence that exposure is related to deficits in sensory or motor function or peripheral nerve conduction, but fewer studies have considered these outcomes. Pesticide exposure may also be associated with increased risk of Parkinson disease. Studies of other neurodegenerative diseases are limited and inconclusive. Conclusion: Future studies will need to improve assessment of pesticide exposure in individuals and consider the role of intrauterine exposure. More studies of pesticides other than organophosphates are needed.

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