EBUBEKİR ALTUNTAŞ, Esra Nur GÜL, Mustafa BAYRAM

Muşmula (Mespilus germanica L.) meyvesinin hasat ve yeme olumu dönemlerindeki fiziksel, mekanik ve kimyasal özellikleri

Bu çalışmada, muşmula meyvesinin hasat ve yeme olumu dönemindeki fiziksel, mekanik ve kimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Fiziksel özellikler olarak geometrik ortalama çap, küresellik, yığın ve gerçek hacim ağırlığı, porozite, projeksiyon alanı ve renk özellikleri hasat ve yeme olumu döneminde ölçülmüştür. Mekanik özellikler olarak kopma kuvveti, deformasyon ve kopma enerjisi belirlenmiştir. Muşmula meyvesinin kimyasal özellikleri olarak toplam suda çözünebilir kuru madde, titre edilebilir asitlik ve pH değerleri belirlenmiştir. Geometrik ortalama çap, küresellik ve meyve hacim ağırlığı yeme olumunda azalırken, yığın hacim ağırlığı ise artış göstermiştir. Muşmulanın meyve hacim ağırlığı hasat olumundan yeme olumuna kadar %10,9 oranında azalırken, yığın hacim ağırlığı ve yüzey alanı ise sırasıyla %19,7 ile % 23,81 oranında azalmıştır. Muşmula meyvesinin hasat ve yeme olumunda statik sürtünme katsayısı değerleri lastik yüzeyde diğer yüzeylere göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Muşmula meyvesinin toplam suda çözünebilir kuru madde ve toplam asitlik değeri yeme olumunda ise azalma göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Muşmula (Mespilus germanica L.), hasat ve yeme olumu, fiziksel, mekanik ve kimyasal özellikleri

The Physical, Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) During Physiological Maturity and Ripening Period

In this study, the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of medlar during physiological maturity and ripening period were determined. The physical properties such as geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk and true densities, porosity, projected area and colour characteristics were measured during physiological maturity and ripening period of medlar. Mechanical properties such as rupture force, deformation and rupture energy and chemical properties (total soluble solid content, titratable acidity and pH) of medlar fruit were determined. The geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area and fruit density of medlar decreased, while, bulk density increased at ripening period. The fruit density of medlars increases of 10.9% occurred while bulk density and surface area decrease of 19.7% and 23.81% observed from physiological maturity to ripening period of medlar fruit, respectively. The static coefficients of friction of medlar fruit during physiological maturity and ripening period were higher for rubber than the other surfaces. The total soluble solid content and total acidity of medlar fruit decreased at ripening period.

Keywords:

Medlar (Mespilus germanica), physiological maturity and ripening period, physical, mechanical and ch,

PDF

___

Altuntas E, Yildiz M (2007). Effect of moisture content on some physical and mechanical properties of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grains. Journal of Food Engineering, 78: 174-183.
Altuntas E (2008). Some physical properties of pumpkin (cucurbita pepo l.) and watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus L.) seeds. Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture, Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 14: 62Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1984). Officials methods of analysis. 14th ed. Arlington, VA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
Ayaz FA, Demir O, Torun H, Kolcuoglu Y, Colak A (2008). Characterization of polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and totalphenolic contents in medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) fruit during ripening and over ripening.Food Chemistry 106: 291-298.
Baird JR, Thieret JW (1989). The Medlar (Mespilus germanica, Rosaceae) from antiquity to obscurity. Economic Botany. 43: 328–372.
Braga GC, Couto SM, Hara T, Neto JTPA (1999). Mechanical behaviour of macadamia nut under compression loading. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 72: 239–245.
Brusewitz G H (1975). Density of rewetted high moisture grains. Transactions of the ASAE, 18: 935–938.
Candir E.E., Özdemir, A.E., Kaplankıran, M. 2009. Phyico-chemical changes during groth of persimmon fruits in the East Mediterranean climate region. Scientia Horticulturae, 121, 42-48.
Celik A, Ercisli S, Turgut N (2007). Some physical, pomological and nutritional properties of kiwifruit cv. Hayward. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 58: 411-418.
Celik A. and Ercisli S. (2008). Persimmon cv. Hachiya (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fruit: some physical, chemical and nutrional properties. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 59: 59960
Costa SB, Steiner A, Correia L, Empis J, Moldao-Martins M (2006). Effects of maturity stage and mild heat treatment on quality of minimally processed kiwifruit. Journal of Food Engineering. 76: 6166
Demir F, Kalyoncu IH. (2003). Some nutritional, pomological and physical properties of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L).. Journal of Food Engineering, 60: 335–341.
Dincer B, Colak A, Aydin N, Kadioglu A, Guner S (2002). Characterization of polyphenoloxidase from medlar fruits (Mespilus germanica L., Rosaceae). Food Chemistry 77: 1–7.
Dirr MA (1990). Manual of woody landscape plants: their identification, ornamental characteristics, culture, propagation and uses, Stipes Publ. Co., Champaign, Illinois, p. 554.
Haciseferogulları H, Ozcan M, Sonmete MH, O Ozbek (2005). Some physical and chemical parameters of wild medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) fruit grown in Turkey. Journal of Food Engineering, 69: 1–7.
Glew RH, Ayaz FA, Sanz C, VanderJagt DJ, Huang HS, Chuang LT, Strnad M (2003a). Changes in sugars, organic acids and amino acids in medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) during fruit development, Food Chem. 83: 363-369.
Glew RH, Ayaz FA, Sanz C, Vanderjagt, DJ, Huang HS, Chuang LT, Strnad, M. (2003b). Effect of postharvest period on sugars, organic acids and fatty acids composition in commercially sold medlar (Mespilus germaica ‘‘Dutch’’) fruit. European Food Science and Technology, 216: 390–394.
Gruz J, Ayaz, FA, Torun, H, Strnad M (2011). Phenolic acid content and radical scavenging activity of extracts from medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) fruit at different stages of ripening. Food Chemistry, 124: 271–277.
Gulcin I, Topal F, Sarıkaya SBO, Bursal E, Bilsel G, Gören AC (2011). Polyphenol contents and antioxidant properties of medlar (Mespilus germanica L.). Rec. Nat. Prod. 5: 158-175.
Jha SN, Kingsly ARP, Sangeeta C (2005). Physical and mechanical properties of mango during growth and storage for determination of maturity. Journal of Food Engineering, 72: 73-76.
Kabas O, Ozmerzi A (2008). Determining the mechanical properties of cherry tomato varieties for handling. Journal Of Texture Studies, 39: 199–209.
Kilickan A, Guner M (2008). Physical properties and mechanical behavior of olive fruits (Olea europaea L.) under compression loading. Journal of Food Engineering, 87: 222–228. 40

Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi-Cover

ISSN: 1300-2910
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
Başlangıç: 1985
Yayıncı: Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Yayın Ofisi