Et ve Et Ürünlerinde Heterosiklik Aminler

Heterosiklik aminler (HA) kırmızı et, kanatlı eti ve balıkların yüksek sıcaklıklarda pişirilmesi sonucu oluşan mutajenik/kanserojenik bileşiklerdir. Yüksek sıcaklıkta pişirilen bu et türleriyle yapılan çalışmalarda 20’den fazla farklı HA tespit edilerek tanımlanmıştır. HAler kreatin/kreatinin, aminoasit ve polisakkarit gibi öncül maddelerin Maillard reaksiyonu ve Strecker degradasyon ürünleridir. HA’lerin oluşumu üzerine fiziksel ve kimyasal birçok faktör etki etmektedir. Nitekim, birçok araştırmacı tarafından doğal ve yapay antioksidanlar ve baharat-bitki ekstraktları kullanımı yanı sıra kaplama ve marinasyon uygulamalarının HA oluşumunu önleme/azaltmada etkili olduğu rapor edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra etlerde HA oluşumunu önleme/azaltmak amacıyla mangal, ızgara ve kızartma gibi yöntemler yerine haşlama, buğulama ve mikrodalga yöntemleri ile pişirme uygulamaları önerilmektedir. Bu derlemede et ve et ürünlerinde oluşan HA ve oluşumuna etki eden faktörler verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Et ve et ürünleri, heteeosiklik aminler, sıcaklık, pişirme yöntemleri

Heterocyclic amines in meat and meat products

Heterocyclic amines (HA) are the mutagenic/carcinogenic compounds which generate as a result of cooking of red meat, poultry meat and fish fillets at high temperatures. Up to 20 different HAs were detected and classified in the researches that conducted on these types of meats cooked at high temperatures. HAs are the products of Maillard reactions and the Strecker degredation of main precursors such as creatine/creatinine, aminoacid and the polysaccharides. Many physical and chemical factors effect the formation of HAs. Thus, it was reported by many researchers that utilizing coating and marination processes in addition to using natural and synthetic antioxidants and seasonings-plant extracts were effective on inhibiting/decreasing the formation of HAs. Additionally, boiling/steaming and microwave cooking methodologies were recommended instead of barbecuing, grilling or frying to inhibit/decrease the formation of HAs. The HAs formed in meat and meat products and the factors which have effects on the formation of HAs are presented in this review.

Keywords:

Meat and meat products, heterocyclic amines, temperature, cooking methodologies,

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Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi-Cover

ISSN: 1300-2910
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
Başlangıç: 1985
Yayıncı: Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Yayın Ofisi