Determination Of Antifungal Activity and Phenolic Compounds Of Endemic Muscari aucheri (Boiss.) Baker Extract

Antifungal activity and phenolic compounds of the methanol extract (flower + peduncle) derived from Muscari aucheri (Boiss.) Baker that grows endemically in Turkey were identified against five different plant pathogens [Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, Alternaria solani, Verticillium dahliane, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea]. Methanol extract of M. aucheri was obtained from the aerial parts (flower + peduncle). Antifungal activity studies were performed by examining the obtained extract against plant pathogens at the final concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/ml doses using the agar plate method. Mycelial growth inhibition and LD50 doses of the extract to the pathoges were determined. Significant levels of antifungal activities were observed at all the doses used in the extracts. At the same time, 100% inhibition were observed at 10 and 20 mg/mL doses used against the pathogens. Individual phenolic compound rutin (693,2 ug/g) was found in the extract at its highest level. Total phenolic compound and monomeric anthocyanin amounts were determined. Results from these findings suggest that phenolic compounds in natural antifungal agents may offer positive results in the control of plant pathogens.

Keywords:

Muscari aucheri, phenolic compounds antifungal activity, plant pathogens,

PDF

___

Abad MJ, Bermejo P, Palomino SS, Carrasco L, Chiriboga X (1999). Antiviral activity of some South American medicinal plants. Phytotherapy Research, 13(2):142-146.
Agrios GN (1988). Plant pathology, Academic Press Limited 24-28 oval, London NWI, 7DX, p. 803.
Alkhail AA (2005). Antifungal activity of some extracts against some plant pathogenic fungi. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 8(3):413-417.
Arslan M, Dervis S (2010). Antifungal activity of essential oils against three vegetative compatibility groups of Verticillium dahliae. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 26:1813-1821.
Aziz NH, Farag SE, Mousa LA, Abo-Zaid MA (1998). Comparative antibacterial and antifungal effects of some phenolic compounds. Microbios. 93:43-54.
Bucchini A, Ricci D, Messina F, Marcotullio MC, Curini M, Giamperi L (2015). Antioxidant and antifungal activity of different extracts obtained from aerial parts of Inula crithmoides L. Natural Product Research. 29:1173-1176.
Carling DE, Leiner RH, Westephale PC (1989). Symptoms, signs and yield reduction associated with Rhizoctonia disease of potato induced by tuber borne inoculum of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3. The American Journal of Potato Research. 6:639–697.
Choi CW, Kim SC, Hwang SS, Choi BK, Ahn HJ, Lee MY, Park SH, Kim SK (2002). Antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity between Korean medicinal plants and flavonoids by assay-guided comparison. Plant Science. 163:1161-1168.
Cline JC, Nelson JD, Gerzon K, Williams RH, DeLong DC (1969). In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Mycophenolic Acid and Its Reversal by Guanine-Type Compounds. Applied Microbiology. 18: 14-20, 1969.
Çakir A, Kordali S, Kilic H, Kaya E (2005). Antifungal properties of essential oil and crude extracts of Hypericum linarioides Bosse. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 33:245-256.
De Rodriguez DJ, Hernandez-Castillo D, Rodriguez-Garcia R, Angulo-Sanchez JL (2005). Antifungal activity in vitro of Aloe vera pulp and liquid fraction against plant pathogenic fungi. Industrial Crops and Products. 21:81–87.
Deans SG, Ritchie G (1987). Antibacterial properties of plant essential oils. International Journal of Food Microbiology 5, 165 – 180.
Diwan N, Fluhr R, Eshed Y, Zamir D, Tanksley SD (1999). Mapping of Ve in tomato: a gene conferring resistance to the broad-spectrum pathogen, Verticillium dahliae race 1. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 98(2):315–319.
Elansary HO, Yessoufou K (2016). In vitro antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial activities of five international Calibrachoa cultivars. Natural Product Research. 30:1339–42.
Elbadri GAA, Lee DW, Park JC, Yu HB, Choo HY, Lee SM, Lim TH (2008). Nematocidal Screening of essential oils and herbal extracts against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Plant Pathology Journal. 24(2): 178-182.
Giusti MM, Wrolstad RE (2001). Characterization and measurement of anthocyanins by UV-visible spectroscopy. Current protocols in food analytical chemistry. New York: John & Wiley, Inc. P F1.2.1-F1.2.13.
Gökçe A, Whalon ME, Çam H, Yanar Y, Demiştaş I, Gören N (2006). Plant extract contact toxicities to various developmental stages of Colorado potato beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Annals of Applied Biology. 149:197-202.
Grabke A, Fernández-Ortuño D, Amiri A, Li X, Peres N. A, Smith P, Schnabel G (2014). Characterization of iprodione resistance in Botrytis cinerea from strawberry and blackberry. Phytopathology. 104:396-402.
Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV (1999). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 86:985 – 990.
Jenkins JR, Wehner TC (1983). Occurrence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on greenhouse-grown Cucumis sativus seed stocks in North Carolina. Plant Disease. 67:1024-1025.
Soylu EM, Kurt Ş, Soylu, S (2010). In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato grey mould disease agent Botrytis cinerea. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 143:183–189.
Kepenekçi I, Sağlam HD (2015). Extracts of some indigenous plants affecting hatching and mortality in the root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood]. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control. 25(1): 39-44.
Kordali Ş, Çakır A, Akcin TA, Mete E, Akcin A, Aydın T, Kılıç H, (2009). Antifungal and herbicidal properties of essential oils and n-hexane extracts of Achillea gypsicola Hub-Mor. and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae). Industrial Crops and Products. 29:562-570.
Kordali Ş, Usanmaz A, Cakir A, Cavusoglu A, Ercisli S (2013). In Vitro antifungal effect of essential oils from Nepeta meyeri Benth. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control. 23(2):209–213.
Mathew B (1987). The Smaller Bulbs, London: B.T. Batsford, ISBN 978-0-7134-4922-8, p. 126.
Nwosu MO, Okafor Jl (1995). Preliminary studies of the antifungal activites of some medicinal plants against Basidiobolus and some other pathogenic fungi. Mycoses 38:191-195.
Onaran A, Yılar M (2012). Antifungal activity of Trachystemon orientalis L. aqueous extracts against plant pathogens. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment. 10:287-291.
Özcelik B, Kartal M, Orhan I (2011). Cytotoxicity, antiviral and antimicrobial activities of alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Pharmaceutical Biology. 49, 396–402.
Pandey DK, Tripathi NN, Tripathi, RD, Dixit SN, (1982). Fungitoxic and phytotoxic properties of essential oil of Hyptis suaveolens. Z. Pflanzenk, 89, 344–349.
Proestos C, Boziaris IS, Nychas GJE, Komaitis M, (2006). Analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids in Greek aromatic plants: investigation of their antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Food Chemistry. 95:664–671.
Rauha JP, Remes S, Heinonen M, Hopia A, Kahkonen M, Kujala T (2000). Antimicrobial effects of Finnish plant extracts containing flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 56:3–12.
Singleton VL, Rossi JA (1965). Calorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 16:144–158.
Uranbey S (2010). Stimulating effect of different basal media and cytokinine types on regeneration of endemic and endangered Muscari aucheri. Archives of Biological Sciences. 62(3):663‐667.
Verdeguer M, Blazquez MA, Boira H (2011). Chemical composition and herbicidal activity of the essential oil from a Cistus ladanifer L. population from Spain. Natural Product Research. 26:1602–1609.
Vijayan P, Raghu C, Ashok G, Dhanaraj SA, Suresh B (2004). Antiviral activity of medicinal plants of Nilgiris. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 120:24-29.
Williams AH (1962). Enzyme inhibition by phenolic compounds. In Pridham JB (ed) Enzyme chemistry of phenolic compounds. Pergamon Press, New York. Pp:87-95.
Xia DZ, Yu XF, Zhu ZY, Zou ZD (2011). Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of six edible wild plants (Sonchus spp.) in China. Natural Product Research. 25: 1893–1901.
Yanar Y, Gokce A, Kadioglu I, Cam H, Whalon M (2011). In vitro antifungal evaluation of various plant extracts against early blight disease (Alternaria solani) of potato. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10:8291-8295.
Yılar M, Bayan Y, Aksit H, Onaran A, Kadioglu I, Yanar Y (2013). Bioherbicidal effects of essential oils isolated from Thymus fallax F., Mentha dumetorum Schult and Origanum vulgare L. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 25:4807–4811.
Yıldırım NC, Paksoy MY, Yüce E, Yıldırım N (2013). Total Antioxidant status and Antifungal Activities of Endemic Geophytic Plants Collected from Munzur Valley in Tunceli, Turkey. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures. Vol. 8 (1): 403-408.

Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi-Cover

ISSN: 1300-2910
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
Başlangıç: 1985
Yayıncı: Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Yayın Ofisi