HİLAL ÖZKILINÇ, Zerrin KOZMA, Burcu PEKDEMİR, Birgul GÜLNAR

Characterization of Cryphonectria parasitica From Native Chestnut Trees in Kaz Mountain (Mount Ida)

Cryphonectria parasitica is a causal agent of chestnut blight worldwide and it dramatically affects natural chestnut trees in Kaz Mountain (Mount Ida). Different biological control approaches have been proposed to constrain the disease. The pathogen has mating system with two alternate idiomorphs which may increase pathogen genetic variability due the recombination events. In this study, C. parasitica isolates were diagnosed with partial sequencing of Translation Elongation Factor-1α (Ef-1α) gene, tested for their pathogenicity, evaluated for their mating types, and the isolates of Trichoderma sp. which were isolated from the same lesion where some isolates of C. parasitica were obtained were investigated for antagonistic effect on C. parasitica. It was not detected any mutation in sequenced part of Ef-1α gene. All the isolates were confirmed as pathogen in in vitro assays by inoculation to apple fruit. Only one mating type (Mat1-1) was detected for some of the isolates. Trichoderma sp. isolates were suppressed in vitro growth rate of C. parasitica. Both C. parasitica and Trichoderma sp. caused necrotic symptoms on the fruits once they were inoculated on apple, but, Trichoderma sp. did not affect lesion development caused by C. parasitica. Overall results present that wild chestnut trees in Kaz Mountain are under threat of chestnut blight pathogens having similar aggressiveness and genetic identity and, isolates of Trichoderma sp. obtained in this study should be assessed by in vivo experiments for their biocontrol ability against to C. parasitica.

Keywords:

Chestnut blight, Ef-1α gene, pathogenicity, mating type,

PDF

___

Altschul, SF., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W., Lipman, D.J. (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology, 215: 403-410.
Akilli, S., Serce, C.U., Katircioglu, Y.Z., Maden, S., Rigling, D. (2013). Characterization of hypovirulent isolates of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica from the Marmara and Black Sea regions of Turkey. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 135: 323–334.
Akilli, S., Katircioglu, Y.Z., Maden, S. (2011). Biological control of chestnut canker, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, by antagonistic organisms and hypovirulent isolates. Turk J Agric For. 35: 515-523.
Anagnostakis, S.L. (1987). Chestnut blight: the classical problem of an introduced pathogen. Mycologia, 79: 23-27.
Bernatzky, R. and Mulcahy, D.L. (1992). Speeding restoration of the American chestnut by using genetic markers in a backcrossing program: an homage to Dr. Charles Burnham. J. Amer. Chestnut Foundation, 7: 33-6
Carbone, I., Kohn, L.M. (1999). A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia, 91: 553-556.
Chaverri, P., Branco-Rocha, F., Jaklitsch, W., Gazis, R., Degenkolb, T., Samuels, G.J. (2015). Systematics of the Trichoderma harzianum species complex and the re-identification of commercial biocontrol strains. Mycolologia, 107: 558-590.
Cortesi, P., Milgroom, M.G. (1998). Genetics of Vegetative Incompatibility in Cryphonectria parasitica. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64: 2988-2994.
Çeliker, N.M. and Onoğur, E. (2001). Evaluation of hypovirulent isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica for the biological control of chestnut blight. Forest Snow and Landscape Research, 76: 378–382.
Day, P.R., Dodds, J.A., Elliston, J.E., Jaynes, R.A., Anagnostakis, S.L. (1977). Double stranded RNA in Endothia parasitica. Phytopathology, 67: 1393-1396.
Dunn, M.M., Boland, G.J. (1993). Hypovirulent isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica in southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 15: 245–252.
Gürer, M., Ottaviani, M.P., Cortesi, P. (2001a). Genetic diversity of subpopulations of Cryphonectria parasitica in two chestnut-growing regions in Turkey. For. Snow Lands. Res., 76: 383–386.
Gürer, M., Turchetti, T., Biagioni, P., Maresi, G. (2001b). Assessment and characterization of Turkish hypovirulent isolates of Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr) Barr. J. Phytopathol., 40: 265–275.
Hall, T.A. (1999). BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41: 95-8.
Krstin, L., Novak-Agbaba, S., Rigling, D., Curkovic Perica, M. (2008). Chestnut blight fungus in Croatia: diversity of vegetative compatibility types, mating types and genetic variability of associated Cryphonectria hypovirus 1. Plant Pathology, 57: 1086-1096.
Krstin, L., Novak-Agbaba, S, Rigling, D., Curkovic Perica, M. (2011). Diversity of vegetative compatibility types and mating types of Cryphonectria parasitica in Slovenia and occurrence of associated Cryphonectria hypovirus 1. Plant Pathology, 60: 752–761.
Marra, R.E. (1998). Selfing in the context of self-incompatibility: the mixed-mating system of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. PhD Dissertation Thesis, Cornell University.
Marra, R.E. and Milgroom, M.G. (1999). PCR amplification of the mating type idiomorphs in Cryphonectria parasitica. Molecular Ecology, 8: 1947–50.
McGuire, I.C., Marra, R.E., Turgeon, B.G., Milgroom, M.G. (2001). Analysis of mating-type genes in the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica. Fungal Genet Biol., 34: 131-44.
Milgroom, M.G., Lipari, S.E., Ennos, R.A., Liu, Y-C. (1993). Estimation of the outcrossing rate in the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica. Heredity, 70: 385–392.
Milgroom, M.G., Sotirovski, K., Spica, D., Davis, J.E., Brewer, M.T., Milev, M., Cortesi, P. (2008). Clonal population structure of the chestnut blight fungus in expanding ranges in southeastern Europe. Molecular Ecology, 17: 4446–4458.
Powell, W. A. (1995). Vegetative incompatibility and mycelial death of Cyphonectria parasitica detected with a pH indicator. Mycologia, 87: 738-741.
Seidl, V., Seibel, C., Kubicek, C.P., Schmoll, M. (2009). Sexual development in the industrial workhorse Trichoderma reesei. PNAS, 106: 13909–13914.
Sotirovski, K., Papazova-Anakieva, I., Grünwald, N.J., Milgroom, M.G. (2004). Low diversity of vegetative compatibility types and mating type of Cryphonectria parasitica in the southern Balkans. Plant Pathology, 53: 325–33.
Tziros, G.T., Nakopoulou, Z.G., Diamandis, S. (2015). Cryphonectria parasitica, the chestnut blight fungus, causes cankers on Quercus frainetto in Greece. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 10:19.

Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi-Cover

ISSN: 1300-2910
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
Başlangıç: 1985
Yayıncı: Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Yayın Ofisi