EDI'den Blok Zincir'e: Tedarik Zincirlerinde Dijitalleşmenin Bibliyometrik Bir Analizi

Dijital teknolojilerin işletme süreçlerine dahil edilmeye başlanması yaklaşık yarım yüzyılı aşan bir geçmişe sahiptir. Tedarik zincirinde bu entegrasyonun kökenleri 2000’lere dayansa da işletmelerin 1970’lerde teknolojinin imkanlarından yararlanmaya başladıkları bilinmektedir. 1990’larda ERP’nin ortaya çıkışı tedarik zinciri açısından yeni bir dönemin başlangıcını temsil etmektedir. Artan rekabet ve sürdürülebilirlik baskısı işletmeleri, çevresel koşullara cevap verme konusunda tek başlarına yeterli olmaktan uzak hale getirmiştir. Bu durum etkin tedarik zincirleri oluşturmayı işletmeler açısından zorunlu kılmıştır. Etkin tedarik zincirlerinin temelinde; tedarik zincirindeki akışların gerçek zamanlı izlenebilmesi dolayısı ile olası sorunlara zamanında müdahale edilebilmesi yatmaktadır. Günümüzde işletmeler nesnelerin interneti teknolojisini işletme süreçlerine entegre ederek büyük miktarda veriyi elde edebilmekte, elde ettikleri veriyi bulut bilişim teknolojisi ile bu veriyi daha efektif saklayabilmekte ve aktarabilmekte, büyük veri analitiği ile kapsamlı analizler gerçekleştirebilmekte ve işletme hedeflerine yönelik olarak faydalı çıktılar sağlayabilmektedir. Özellikle son birkaç yılda blockchain’in sağladığı imkanlar ön plana çıkmış ve işletmeler tedarik zincirine bu teknolojiyi entegre ederek kazanım elde etmenin yollarını aramaya başlamışlardır. Dijital teknolojideki bu dramatik değişim tedarik zinciri literatürünün bu konuyla ilgili ne konumda olduğunu araştırma ihtiyacı doğurmuştur. Bu araştırmada tedarik zincirindeki dijital dönüşümü konu edinen ve Web of Science’ta yayımlanmış çalışmaların bibliyometrik analizi aracılığı ile alandaki akademik duruma ilişkin birtakım bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Alanda etkin aktörler (yazarlar, kurumlar, ülkeler vb.) tespit edilerek, alana yaptıkları katkılar ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. İlgili çalışmalarda kullanılan terimlerin içerik analizi ile kavramların zaman içerisinde sergiledikleri gelişim ve etkileşimlerde araştırma bulguları arasındadır. Bu çalışma vasıtasıyla hem alanın genel bir görüngüsü hem de gelecekte alması olası yönlere ilişkin çeşitli öngörüler sağlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

dijitalleşme, tedarik zinciri, bibliyometrik analiz

From EDI to Blockchain: A Bibliometric Analysis of Digitalization in Supply Chains

The integration of digital technologies into business processes has a history of more than half a century. With the integration of technologies in the supply chain, businesses began benefiting from the possibilities as early as the 1970s. The emergence of ERP in the 1990s represents the beginning of a new era of the supply chain. Increasing competition and sustainability pressure have done businesses far from being sufficient on their own to respond to environmental conditions. This situation has made it necessary for companies to establish efficient supply chains. One of the main elements that ensure the efficiency of supply chains is that the flows in the supply chain can be monitored in real-time, and the problems that may arise can be intervened on time. Nowadays, businesses can obtain large amounts of data by integrating the Internet of Things technology into their business processes, can store and transfer this data more effectively with cloud computing technology, and can provide useful outputs for business goals with big data analytics. Especially in the last few years, blockchain opportunities have become more prominent. Businesses have begun to look for ways to gain gains by integrating this technology into the supply chain. In this study, the current academic situation in supply chain management has been revealed by the bibliometric analysis of studies published on the Web of Science. Important actors in the field were identified, and their primary contributions to the field were revealed. Content analysis of the terms used in related studies and the development and interactions of the concepts over time are among the research findings. Through this study, both a general phenomenon of the field and various predictions regarding the future directions it will take are provided.

Keywords:

digitalization, supply chain, bibliometric analysis,

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