ELEKTRİK GÜÇ SİSTEMLERİNDE ZAMAN-HARMONİK ANALİZİ

Bu çalışmada, elektrik güç sistemlerinde zamanla değişen sinyaller için temel frekans tespiti ile harmonik ve ara-harmonik bileşenlerin genlik ve faz açılarının kestirimini kapsayan çok işlevli bir sistem yapısı geliştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen bu sistem, basit ve açık yapısından dolayı başarımı arttıracak müdahalelerle harmonik bileşenlerinin yanı sıra, bu bileşenlerin hangi zaman aralığında ve ne oranda etkin oldukları bilgisini sunmaktadır. MATLAB programı ile benzetim ortamında yapılan çalışmalar, sistemin, akım ve gerilim dalga şekillerinin harmonik analizinde kullanışlı, etkin sonuçlar verdiğini göstermektedir. Bununla, zamanla değişen harmonik ve ara-harmoniklerin bireysel etkileri, zaman-harmonik uzayında gerçek zamanlı ve 3 boyutlu olarak tespit edilebilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Güç sistemlerinde gerçek zamanlı harmonik tespiti, temel frekans kestirimi, zamanla değişen harmonik ve ara harmonikler, zaman-harmonik analizi

TIME-HARMONIC ANALYSIS IN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS

In this study, for time-varying signals in electric power systems, a multi functional system structure involving fundamental frequency detection, phase angle and amplitude estimation of harmonic and interharmonic components have been developed. Due to its simple and open structure, this system provides knowledge of harmonic component values as well as information about at which intervals and to what extend these component values are effective, which is possible with interventions that improve performance.The results of the experimental studies performed by using MATLAB simulation environment show that, this system is convenient and effective for the harmonic analysis of the current and voltage waveforms. Therewith, the individual effects of this time-variant harmonic and interharmonic components could be instantly detected in 3D time-harmonic space.

Keywords:

Real time harmonic detection in power systems, time-varying harmonic and interharmonics, fundamental frequency estimation, time-harmonic analysis,

PDF

___

Arrillaga, J. ve Watson N.R., Power System Harmonics, Wiley, New York, A.B.D., 2003.
Grady, W.M. ve Santoso, S., “Understanding Power System Harmonics”, IEEE Power Engineering Review, Cilt 21, No 11, 8–11, 2001.
Chang, Y.N., Hsieh, Y.C. ve Moo, C.S., “Truncation Effects of FFT on Estimation of Dynamic Harmonics On Power System”, International Conference on Power System Technology, Perth, Avustralya, 1155–1160, 04-07 Aralık 2000.
Girgis, A.A. ve Ham, F.M., “A Quantitative Study of Pitfalls in FFT”, IEEE Transaction on Aerospace Electron Systems, Cilt 16, No 4, 434–439, 1980.
Moravej, Z. ve Enayati, J., “A Hybrid Least Squares-Clonal Selection Based Algorithm for Harmonics Estimation”, International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, Cilt 24, No 1, 1-15, 2014.
Chen, C.I. ve Chen, Y.C., “Comparative Study of Harmonic and Interharmonic Estimation Methods for Stationary and Time-Varying Signals”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Cilt 61, No 1, 397-404, 2014.
Dash, P.K., Swain, D.P., Routray, A. ve Liew, A.C., “Harmonic Estimation in a Power System Using Adaptive Perceptrons”, IEEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution, Cilt 143, No 6, 565–574, 1996.
Joorabian, M., Mortazavi, S.S. ve Khayyami, A.A., “Harmonic Estimation in a Power System Using a Novel Hybrid Least Squares–Adaline Algorithm”, Electric Power Systems Research, Cilt 79, No 1, 107–116, 2009.
Fang, C. ve Mu, C., “An Embedded Inter-Harmonics Estimation Algorithm Based on Special Approximate ARMA Model”, International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering, Wuhan, Çin, 158–161, 12-14 Aralık 2008.
Rodriguez, M., Troncoso, R., “Detection and Classification of Single and Combined Power Quality Disturbances Using Neural Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Cilt 61, No 5, 2473-2482, Mayıs 2014.
Chang, G.W., Chen, C. ve Teng, Y.F., “Radial-Basis-Function-Based Neural Network for Harmonic Detection”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Cilt 57, No 6, 2171- 2179, 2010.
Dash, P.K., Nanda, S. ve Biswal, M., “Estimation of Time Varying Signal Parameters Using an Improved Adaline Learning Algorithm”, International Journal of Electronics and Communications (AEU), Cilt 68, No 2, 115-129, Ocak 2014.
Lombardi, M.A., “Fundamentals of Time and Frequency”, The Mechatronics Handbook, Editör: Bishop R.H., CRC Press, Florida, A.B.D., 2002.
Germeç, K.E., “Fourier Yapay Sinir Ağları ile Gerçek Zamanlı Harmonik Analizi”, 17th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference, Antalya, Türkiye, 333-336, 9-11 Nisan 2009.
Tartan, E.Ö. ve Erdem, H., “Harmonik Kestirimi İçin En Küçük Kareler-Farksal Evrim Tabanlı Hibrit Bir Algoritma”, 20th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference, Muğla, Türkiye, 1-4 Nisan 2012.
Demirbaş, Ş. ve Bayhan, S., “Güç Sistemlerinde Harmoniklerin Gerçek Zamanlı Ölçüm ve Analizi”, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, Cilt 24, No 3, 461-468, 2009.
Osowski, S., “Neural Network for Estimation of Harmonic Components in a Power System”, IEE Proceedings-C (Generation, Tranmission and Distribution), Cilt 139, No 2, 129-135, 1992.
Yang, J-Z., Yu, C-S. ve Liu, C-W., “A New Method For Power Signal Harmonic Analysis”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Cilt 20, No 2, 1235-1239, 2005.
Yang, X., Dai, H. ve Sun Y., “SIMO Fourier Neural Networks Research”, IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Şangay, Çin, 1606-1609, 12-15 Ekim 2003.
Nanda, S., Biswal, M. ve Dash, P.K., “Estimation of Time Varying Signal Parameters Using an Improved Adaline Learning Algorithm”, International Journal of Electronics and Communications (AEU), Cilt 68, No 2, 115-129, 2014.
Testing and Measurement Techniques - General Guide on Harmonics and Interharmonics Measurements and Instrumentation for Power Supply Systems and Equipment Connected Thereto, IEC Std. 61000-4-7, 2002.