Engin ÖZDEMİR, Ahmet AKTAŞ, Koray ERHAN, Şule ÖZDEMİR

AKILLI ŞEBEKELERDE ENERJİ DEPOLAMA UYGULAMALARININ ÖNÜNDEKİ FIRSATLAR VE KARŞILAŞILAN ZORLUKLAR

Enerji depolama, özellikle sürekli değişen elektrik güç talebini hızla karşılayamayan geleneksel elektrik güç üretim sistemlerine eklenerek önemli bir görev yapmaktadır. Enerji depolama sistemlerinin farklı teknolojiler içeren çok sayıda çözümü bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca enerji depolama çözümleri günümüzde modern elektrik güç sistemleri ve akıllı şebekelerde Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının (YEK) kullanımının artırılması yönünde görevler de üstlenmektedir. Enerji Depolama Teknolojileri (EDT) güvenilir olmayan ve kesintili güç arzı sağlayan yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına esneklik ve dengeleme sağlaması bakımından elektrik şebekesini desteklemektedir. Bu çalışma, akıllı şebeke uygulamalarında yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının şebeke entegrasyonları sırasında karşılaşılan problemlerin çözümünde etkin rol oynayan enerji depolama teknolojilerinin sunduğu avantajlara ışık tutmaktadır. Farklı EDT’nin sunduğu çeşitli çözümler de bu çalışmada değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca bu makalede, batarya ve ultra-kapasitörden oluşan Hibrit Enerji Depolama Sistemini (HEDS) içeren yüksek enerji ve yüksek güç yoğunluğuna sahip bir enerji depolama ünitesi tasarımı ve deneysel sonuçları paylaşılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Enerji depolama, Batarya; Ultrakapasitör; Akıllı şebekeler

PDF

___

Bocklisch, T., “Hybrid energy storage systems for renewable energy applications”, 9th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference, Dusseldorf, 103–111, 9-11 March 2015.
Davis, G., “Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project”, U.S. DOE/OE Energy Storage Program Peer Review EESAT 2015 Technical Conference, U.S.A., 1-176, 21-24 September 2015.
Pudjianto, D., Aunedi, M., Djapic, P., Strbac, G., “Whole-Systems Assessment of the Value of Energy Storage in Low-Carbon Electricity Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol 5, No 2, 1098-1109, 2014.
Mendis, N., Muttaqi, K.M., Perera, S., “Management of Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage and Synchronous Condenser for Isolated Operation of PMSG Based Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Generating Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol 5, No 2, 944-953, 2014.
Department of Energy, U.S., Enabling Modernization of the Electric Power System, Technology Assessments, Quadrennial Technology Review, A.B.D., 2015.
Lucas, A., Chondrogiannis, S., “Smart grid energy storage controller for frequency regulation and peak shaving, using a vanadium redox flow battery”, Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol 80, 26–36, 2016.
Barsali, S., Ceraolo, M., Giglioli, R., Poli, D., “Storage applications for Smartgrids”, Electric Power Systems Research, Vol 120, 109–117, 2015.
Biswas, M., Azim, S., Saha, T.K., Zobayer, U., Urmi, M.C., “Towards Implementation of Smart Grid: An Updated Review on Electrical Energy Storage Systems”, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, Vol 4, 122-132, 2013,
The future role and challenges of energy storage, DG ENER Working Paper, European Commission Directorate-General for Energy, 2015.
Global energy storage market overview & regional summary report, Energy Storage Council, 2015.
Grid Energy Storage, U.S. Department of Energy, December 2013.
Eyer, J., Corey, G., “Energy Storage for the Electricity Grid: Benefits and Market Potential Assessment Guide”, Sandia Report, February 2010.
Whittingham, M.S., “History, Evolution and Future Status of Energy Storage”, Proceedings of the IEEE 100, Special Centennial Issue, 1518-1534, 2012.
Smith, S.C., Sen, P.K., Kroposki, B., “Advancement of Energy Storage Devices and Applications in Electrical Power System”, Power and Energy Society General Meeting-Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, IEEE, 1-8, 2008.
Energy Storage Technology Roadmap, Technology Annex, International Energy Agency, 2014.
Divya, K.C., Ostergaard, J., “Battery energy storage technology for power systems—An overview”, Electric Power Systems Research, Vol 79, 511–520, 2009.
Ferreira, H.L., Garde, R., Fulli, G., Lopes, J.P., “Characterization of electrical energy storage technologies”, Elsevier Energy, Vol 53, 288-298, 2013.
Kamali, S.K., Tyagi, V., Rahim, N.A., Panwar, N.L., Mokhlis, H., “Emergence of energy storage technologies as the solution for reliable operation of smart power systems: A review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol 25, 135–165, 2013.
Gaurav, H.S., “Energy Storage Technology for Power Systems-An Overview”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology, Vol 1, 1863-1868, 2014.
Chen, H., Cong, T.N., Tan, C., Li, Y., Ding, Y., “Progress in electrical energy storage system: A critical review”, Progress in Natural Science, Vol 19, 291–312, 2009.
Castillo, A., Gayme, D.F., “Grid-scale energy storage applications in renewable energy integration: A survey”, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol 87, 885–894, 2014.
Kousksou, T., Bruel, P., Jamil, A., Rhafiki, T.E., Zeraouli, Y., “Energy storage: Applications and challenges”, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, Vol 120, 59–80, 2014.
Rajasekharan, J., Koivunen, V., “Optimal Energy
Consumption Model for Smart Grid Households With Energy Storage”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, Vol 8, No 6, 1154-1166, 2014.
Kanchev, H., Lu, D., Colas, F., Lazarov, V., Francois, B., “Energy Management and Operational Planning of a Microgrid With a PV-Based Active Generator for Smart Grid Applications”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol 58, No 10, 2011.
Tan, X., Li, Q., Wang, H., “Advances and trends of energy storage technology in Microgrid”, Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol 44, 179–191, 2013.
Subburaj, A.S., Pushpakaran, B.N., Bayne, S.B., “Overview of grid connected renewable energy based battery projects in USA”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol 45, 219–234, 2015.
Nguyen, H.K., Song, J.B., Han, Z., “Distributed Demand Side Management with Energy Storage in Smart Grid”, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol 26, No 12, 3346-3357, 2015.
Tushar, W., Chai, B., Yuen, C., Huang, S., Smith, D.B., Poor, H.V., Yang, Z., “Energy Storage Sharing in Smart Grid: A Modified Auction-Based Approach”, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2015.2512267, 1-14 2015.
Electricity Storage: How to Facilitate its Deployment and Operation in the EU, THINK Final Report, June 2012.
Roberts, B.P., Sandberg, C., “The Role of Energy Storage in Development of Smart Grids”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol 99, No 6, 1139-1144, 2011.
Donnellan, B.J., Vowles, D.J., Soong, W.L., “A Review of Energy Storage and its Application in Power Systems”, IEEE Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), DOI:10.1109/UPEC.2015.7339794, 1-6, 2015.