Turkey’s Middle Eastern policy was inaugurated by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk whose policyreached its zenith with the establishment of the Pact of Sadabad in 1937. Thereafter this politicalactivism in the Middle East was abandoned by forthcoming Turkish leader, Presidentİnönü. İnönü adopted a rather passive policy in the regional affairs in order to follow a balancedpolicy between Arabs and Jews for geopolitical reasons. When Democrat party came topower in 1950 they re-embarked Turkey’s engagement in the Middle Eastern politics. Theiridea was to set up a kind of Arab-NATO under Turkey’s leadership. Their idea was first torevive and develop the Sadabad Pact with which their efforts convert this pact into the BaghdadPact in 1955. Then their second aim was to secure Western especially American securityand economic aid. Apart from security imperatives, they believed that their political activismagainst to the spread of communism in the Middle East could result western involvement inthe regional affairs and hence could result for more economic aid. Though Turkey to a greaterextend obtained their economic and political objectives vis a vis the West their policies with theArab states resulted in a failure. This was because there were fundamental differences in theinterests of Turkey and the Arab states.This article is based on abundant archival documents available in Turkey and abroad.It also consulted the available existing literature.