Yapay Adalar Üzerine Hayaller: Açık Denizlerde Yeni Devlet Projeleri

İnsanlık tarihinde tekrar tekrar kanıtlandığı üzere, umutsuz zamanlar umutsuz çabaları beraberinde getirir; bu minvalde, 1960’lar ve 1970’lerde bireyler veya şirketler gibi özel hukuk kişileri her zeminde çeşitli kaçış plânları aramışlardır. Yeniden başla- maya ihtiyaç duyan bu yatırımcılar, kendi devletleri tarafından empoze edilen dayanıl- maz vergiler, malî yükümlülükler ve boğucu bürokratik mekanizmalardan kendilerini kurtarmak amacıyla fevkâlade projeleri hayata geçirmeye çabalamışlardır. Bunlar ara- sında en sıradışı olanı açık denizlerde yapay adalar kurmak suretiyle kendi devletlerini yaratmak ve hayatlarını daha liberal bir devlette idame ettirmek olmuştur. 1960’ların sonu, 1970’lerin başında özellikle sanayileşmiş devletlerin zengin vatandaşları arasında bu olağandışı düşünceler hayli revaçta olmuştur. Böylelikle, bu alanda önemli bir kısmı sadece kâğıt üzerinde kalan birçok proje oluşturulmuştur ki, bunları gerçekleştirebilmek açısından hiçbir şans yoktu. Bu projelerin daha hayata geçmeden ölü doğmasının temel nedeni ilgili devletlerin ve onların müdahaleleridir. Sonuç olarak, bu kısa çalışmada bu projeler ve özellikle de onların gerçekleşmemesini sağlayan yargı kararları ele alına- caktır.

Dreams over Artificial Islands: Projects of New States on the High Seas

As proven repeatedly in the course of human history, desparate times call for desperate measures; therefore, in the 1960s and 1970s, private law persons, either as individuals or as corporations, searched high and low for various kind of escape plans. These entrepreneurs who needed a fresh start, attempted to bring into existence exceptional projects to liberate themselves from the unbearable taxes, financial burdens and suffocating bureaucratic mechanisms that were imposed by their own states. Among them, the most phenomenal venture was to establish their own state by constructing an artificial island on the high seas and maintain their lives in a much more liberated state, in every meaning of the word. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, especially among the wealthy citizens of the industrialized states these outstanding ideas were high in demand. Thus, in this respect many projects had been developed most of which remained as projects on paper; there were no chances of delivering them. The states concerned and their interventions were the main causes that killed these projects before they were brought into life. Consequently, in this short essay these projects and specifically the juridicial decisions which held them back will be dealt with.

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