Uluslararası Hukukta İnsanlığın Ortak Kaygısı Kavramı

İnsanlığın ortak kaygısı, uluslararası çevre hukukuna son yıllarda dahil olmuş bir kavramdır. Kavram, küresel çevre tehditlerine dikkat çeker ve bu tür tehditlerin an- cak insanlığın ortak hareketi ile bertaraf edilebileceğini öngörür. Kavrama benzer yak- laşımları uluslararası hukukta görmek mümkündür, özellikle insanlığın ortak menfaati ve insanlığın ortak mirası kavramları, insanlığın ortak kaygısı kavramı ile benzerlikler gösteren kavramlardır. İnsanlığın ortak kaygısının yer aldığı temel uluslararası sözleş- meler, Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi ve Biyolojik Çeşitlilik Sözleşmesi’dir. Bu sözleşmelerde insanlığın ortak kaygısı kavramı sözleşmelerin temel zemininde yer alır. Kavram, uluslararası hukukta yenilikçi gelişmeleri bünyesinde ba- rındırır. Özellikle, çevre sorunlarında küresel sorumluluğu kabul etmesi ve devlet dışı bireyleri meseleye dahil ederek tüm paydaşları işbirliğine davet etmesi mühim gelişme- lerdir. Ancak, günümüzde insanlığın ortak kaygısı kavramının bir uluslararası teamül kuralına dönüştüğünü söylemek güçtür.

The Concept of Common Concern of Humankind in International Law

The concept of common concern of humankind has emerged in international environmental law in recent years. The concept draws attention to global environmental threats and predicts that threats can only be overcome with global participation. Similar approaches to common concern of humankind can be seen in international law. In particular, the common interest of mankind and the common heritage of humankind are concepts that show similarities with the concept of common concern of humankind. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity are the main treaties addressing the common concern of humankind. In those conventions, the concept of common concern of humankind provides an important influence. The concept is an innovative development in international environmental law that provides global responsibility for environmental issues at large scale, enhances cooperation, and engages non-state actors. However, there is not enough evidence to show that the concept of common concern of humankind is a customary international rule.

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Uluslararası Andlaşmalar ve Yargı Kararları

Antarctic Treaty, 402 UNTS 71 (1959)

Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company Limited, Judgment, ICJ Reports (1970)

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Was- tes and Their Disposal, 1673 UNTS 126 (1989)

Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1037 UNTS 15 (1972)

Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, 2368 UNTS 35, (2003)

Convention on Biological Diversity, 1760 UNTS 79 (1992)

Gabcikovo - Nagymaros Project, ICJ Reports (1997)

International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, 161 UNTS 72 (1946)

International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, 2400 UNTS 303 (2001)

Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2303 UNTS 148 (1997)

Paris Agreement, UNFCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1 (2015)

Trail Smelter Case, UN RIAA vol. III. 1905, (1938, 1941)

United Nations Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Ani- mals, 1651 UNTS 356 (1979)

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1833 UNTS 3 (1982)

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1771 UNTS 107 (1992)

Uluslararası Belgeler ve Toplantı Metinleri

Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Deve- lopment (1987)

Report on the World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future, UN Doc. A/RES/42/427 (1987)

Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, UN Doc. A/CONF.151/26 (vol. I) (1992)

Stockholm Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environ- ment UN Doc. A/Conf.48/14/Rev. 1(1973)

UN Doc. A/42/427, Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on En- vironment and Development (1987)

UN Doc. A/CN.4/L.851 (2015)

UN Doc. A/RES/44/207 (1989)

UN Doc. A/RES/45/212 (1990)

UN Doc. A/RES/45/53 (1988)

World Charter for Nature, UN Doc. A/RES/37/7 (1982)

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BARNES Richard, Property Rights and Natural Resources, Hart Publishing, Oregon, 2009

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BIERMANN Frank, Common Concern of Humankind: The Emergence of a New Concept of International Environmental Law, Archiv des Völ- kerrechts, 34. Bd., No. 4 (Dezember 1996), ss. 426-481.

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İnternet Kaynakları

http://www.larousse.fr/

http://www.un-documents.net

https://revistas-colaboracion.juridicas.unam.mx/index.php/rev-instituto-

interamericano-dh/article/view/7785/7023

https://unfccc.int/

www.iucn.org

www.tdk.gov.tr

www.un.org