LAKTOZ İNTOLERANSIN PREVALANSI, TEŞHİSİ VE LAKTOZSUZ BESLENME TAVSİYELERİ

Laktoz, sadece sütte bulunan bir disakkarit olup, emmeyi bıraktıktan sonra çoğu kişide laktozu parçalayan laktaz enziminin sentezi durmakta veya azalmaktadır. Laktoz intolerans olarak bilinen bu durum sütün sindirilememesiyle sonuçlanmakta ve dünyada çok sık görülmektedir. Laktaz geni üzerinde meydana gelen tek nükleotit polimorfizmleri nedeniyle bazı kişilerde laktaz enzimi yaşam boyu sentezlenebilmektedir. Laktaz kalıcılığı olarak adlandırılan bu durumun prevalansı etnik gruplara göre değişmektedir. Laktoz intoleransın teşhisinde çeşitli yöntemler uygulanmasına rağmen, çoğu zaman semptomların gözlenmesi hastalık teşhisi için yeterli olmaktadır. Laktoz intolerans olanlar ömür boyu sürecek laktozsuz bir diyet uygulamalıdır. Süt kalsiyum gibi bazı önemli besin öğeleri açısından zengin bir kaynak olduğu için, laktoz intolerans hastalarının kalsiyum gibi ihtiyaçlarını peynir ve yoğurt gibi laktoz içeriği düşük olan gıdalardan karşılamaları önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, laktoz intolerans hakkında bilgi verilerek, laktoz intoleransın prevalansı ve teşhis yöntemleri ile laktozsuz beslenme üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu çalışma ile laktoz intolerans farkındalığının hem hastalar tarafından hem de gıda endüstrisinin paydaşları tarafından arttırılması hedeflenmektedir.

THE PREVALENCE AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS OF LACTOSE INTOLERANCE AND LACTOSE-FREE DIET RECOMMENDATIONS

Lactose is a disaccharide found only in milk, and after weaning, the synthesis of lactase, which breaks down lactose, stops or decreases in most individuals. This condition, known as lactose intolerance, results in the inability of the digestion of milk and is very common in the world. Because of the single nucleotide polymorphisms occurring on the lactase gene, the lactase enzyme can be synthesized for life in some individuals. The prevalence of this condition called lactase persistence varies according to ethnic groups. Although there are various methods for the diagnosis of lactose intolerance, observation of symptoms is often sufficient for the diagnosis of the disease. Those who have lactose intolerance should apply a life-long lactose-free diet. Since milk is a rich source of some important nutrients such as calcium, it is important for lactose intolerance patients to meet their needs like calcium from foods with low lactose content such as cheese and yogurt. In this study, information about lactose intolerance was given and lactose intolerance prevalence, diagnosis methods, and lactose-free diet were examined. This study aims to increase the lactose intolerance awareness of both patients and food industry stakeholders.

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