Oftalmolojide apopitoz

Apopitoz organizmada görevini tamamlamış ya da hasara uğramış hücrelerin çevre hücrelere zarar vermeden ortadan kaldırılmasını sağlayan, genetik olarak kontrol edilen programlanmış bir hücre ölümüdür. Apopitozda hücre içi veya dışı kaynaklı ölüm sinyalleri ve hücre ölüm reseptörü veya mitokondri yoluyla apopitotik mekanizma aktive olur ve sonuçta DNA kırılması meydana gelir. Apopitotik hücreler apopitotik cisimlere ayrılarak çevre hücreler tarafından fagosite edilirler. Apopitoz embriyogenez ve doku hemostazı gibi fizyolojik durumlarda veya iskemi, toksisite ve neoplazik değişiklikler sırasında ortaya çıkar ve p53, Bcl-2 gibi bazı onkogenler tarafından regüle edilir. Apopitoz retinoblastom, glokom, katarakt, retina dekolmanı, keratokonus ve bazı göz hastalıklarının patogenezinde rol oynadığından apopitozu kontrol eden mekanizmaların anlaşılması tedavi çabalarına katkıda bulunacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Keratokonus, Oftalmoloji, Retina hastalıkları, Hücre ölümü, Apoptoz, Glokom

Apoptosis in ophthalmology

Apoptosis is the genetically regulated form of programmed cell death that permits the safe disposal of cells when they are damaged and fulfilled their intended biological function. Apoptosis starts with death signals coming from outside or inside of the cell and continue with to activate the mechanisms of apoptosis via cell death receptor or mitocondrial pathways. During apoptosis a group proteases are activated which cause DNA fragmentation, cytoplasmic shrinkage and membrane blebbing. Apoptotic cells divide into apoptotic bodies and these apoptotic bodies are then removed from tissue by phagocytes and adjacent cells. Apoptosis is regulated by some oncogenes like p53 and Bcl-2. In ophthalmology, apoptosis plays role in pathogenesis of diseases like retinoblastoma, glaucoma, retinal degenerations, retinal detachment, keratoconus and some eye disorders. Thus, to understand mechanisms that control apoptosis will allow benefits for therapy

Keywords:

Keratoconus, Ophthalmology, Retinal Diseases, Cell Death, Apoptosis, Glaucoma,

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