Su Samurlarında (Lutra lutra) Görülen Hastalıklar
Su samuru (Lutra lutra) yarı-sucul yaşayan, etçiller takımının sansargiller familyasında yer alan avcı bir hayvandır. Ekolojik dengenin göstergesi konumundaki bu hayvanlar dünyanın pek çok ülkesinde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de nesli tükenme noktasına geldiği için koruma altına alınmıştır. Su samurlarının mikrobiyal florası çok değişkenlik göstermesine rağmen, viral, bakteriyel, mantar ve paraziter hastalıklardan etkilenebilmektedirler. Pek çok evcil ve yabani hayvan türünde olduğu gibi insan populasyonları ile zaman zaman temas halinde oldukları için, özellikle taşıdıkları zoonoz etkenler açısından bu hayvanlarda görülen hastalıkların detaylı olarak incelenmesi önem arz etmektedir.
___
- 1. Bae IH, Pakhrin B, Jee H, Shin NS, Kim DY, (2007).
Hepatocellular adenoma in an Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra).
J Vet Sci. 8(1), 103-105.
- 2. Boynukara B, Gülhan T, (2011). Kedi Zoonozları. Tabiat ve
İnsan Dergisi. 45(4), 38-45.
- 3. Capber F, (2007). Veterinary care of Eurasian otters (Lutra
lutra) at the otter breeding centre of Hunawihr (France).
IUCN Otter Spec Group Bull. 24(1), 47-62.
- 4. Chadwick EA, Cable J, Chinchen A, Francis J, Guy E, Kean
EF, Paul SC, Perkins SE, Sherrard-Smith E, Wilkinson C,
Forman DW, (2013). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii
in the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in England and Wales.
Parasite Vector. 6(75), 2-5.
- 5. Delahay RJ, De Leeuw AN, Barlow, AM, Clifton-Hadley
RS, Cheeseman CL, (2002). The status of Mycobacterium
bovis infection in UK wild mammals: a review. Vet J. 164,
90-105.
- 6. Gaydos JK, (2014). Diseases of river otters, a recovering species.
Proceedings of the 2014 North American Veterinary
Conference, Orlando, Florida. http://www.seadocsociety.
org/wp-content/uploads/Diseases-of-River-Otters-J.-
Gaydos.pdf.
- 7. Geisel O, (1979). Staupe bei Fischottern (Lutra lutra). Berl
Münch Tierärtl Wschr. 92(15), 304.
- 8. Hoover JP, Tyler RD, (1986). Renal function and fractional
clearances of American river otters (Lutra canadensis). J
Wildlife Dis. 22, 547-556.
- 9. Kanat Ö, Gülcü Y, Akpınar Y, Kesler K, Doğan M, Yüzbaşıgil
F, (2014). Leptospirozis, Zoonoz Hastalıklar. Olgun-Çelik
Ofset Matbaa, Konya. 5-8.
- 10. Karakaş MM, Albayrak İ, (2014). Bioecology of the otter
(Lutra lutra) in Kızılırmak River in Kırıkkale Province.
Hacettepe J Biol Chem. 42(3), 313-321.
- 11. Kimber KR, Kollias GV, (2000). Infectious and parasitic
diseases and contaminant-related problems of North
American river otters (Lontra canadensis): A review. J Zoo
Wildlife Med. 31, 452-472.
- 12. Kimber KR, Kollias GV, Dubovi EJ, (2000). Serologic survey
of selected viral agents in recently captured wild North
American river otters (Lontra canadensis). J Zoo Wildlife
Med. 31,168-175.
- 13. Kopecna M, Trcka I, Lamka J, Moravkova M, Koubek P,
Heroldova M, Mrlik V, Kralova A, Pavlik I, (2008). The
wildlife hosts of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
in the Czech Republic during the years 2002–2007.
Vet Med-czech. 53(8), 420-426.
- 14. Lawson PA, Foster G, Falsen E, Ohlen M, Collins MD,
(1999). Vagococcus lutrae sp. nov., isolated from the common
otter (Lutra lutra). Int J Syst Bacteriol. 49, 1251-1254.
- 15. Lee J, Hanna R, Hill R, Mccormick CM, Skuce RA, (2009).
Bovine tuberculosis in an Eurasian otter. Vet. Rec. 164,
727-728.
- 16. Lepper AWD, Corner LA, (1983). Naturally occurring mycobacterioses
of animals. Ratledge C. & Stanford J. eds.
Biology of Mycobacteria, Academic press Inc, London.
p.418-444.
- 17. Loncaric I, Kübber-Heiss A, Posautz A, Stalder GL,
Hoffmann D, Rosengarten R, Walzer C, (2013).
Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
spp. carrying the mecC gene, isolated from wildlife. J
Antimicrob Chemother. 68, 2222-2225.
- 18. Malatesta D, Simpson VR, Fusillo R, Marcelli M,
Bongiovanni L, Romanucci M, Palmieri C, Salda LD,
(2014). First description of adiaspiromycosis in an Eurasian
otter (Lutra lutra) in Italy. Vet Ital. 50(3), 199-202.
- 19. Martin-Atance P, Leon-Vizcaino L, Palomares F, Revilla
E, Gonzalez-Candela M, Calzada J, Cubero-Pablo MJ,
Delibes M, (2006). Antibodies to Mycobacterium bovis
in wild carnivores from Donana National Park (Spain). J
Wildlife Dis. 42(3), 704-708.
- 20. Matos AC, Figueira L, Martins MH, Loureiro F, Pinto ML,
Matos M, Coelho AC, (2014). Survey of Mycobacterium
avium subspecies paratuberculosis in road-killed wild carnivores
in Portugal. J Zoo Wildlife Med. 45(4), 775-781.
- 21. Melissen A, (2000). Eurasian otter Lutra lutra. Husbandry
guidelines, EEP/Studbook for Lutra lutra. The Netherland,
p.1-66.
- 22. Millán J, Candela MG, López-Bao JV, Pereira M, Jiménez
MA, León-Vizcaíno L, (2009). Leptospirosis in wild and
domestic carnivores in natural areas in Andalusia, Spain.
Vector-Borne Zoonot. 9(5), 549-554.
- 23. Neimanis A, Bäcklin BM, Roos A, Moraeus C,
Ågren E, Höglund J, (2013). The biliary trematode
Pseudamphistomum truncatum: an emerging parasite in
Swedish wildlife? 21st NWDA Meeting at Torsö, May 30-
31. Lake Vänern, Sweden.
- 24. Nikolova S, Tzvetkov Y, Najdenski H, Vesselinova A,
(2001). Isolation of pathogenic Yersiniae from wild animals
in Bulgaria. J Vet Med B. 48, 203-209.
- 25. Oliveira M, Sales-Luis T, Duarte A, Nunes SF, Carneiro C,
Tenreiro T, Tenreiro R, Santosreis M, Tavares L, Vilela CL,
(2008). First assessment of microbial diversity in faecal microflora
of Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra Linnaeus, 1758) in
Portugal. Eur J Wildlife Res. 54, 245-252.
- 26. Oliveira M, Pedroso NM, Sales-Luis T, Santos-Reis M,
Tavares L, Vilela CL, (2010). Antimicrobial-resistant
Salmonella isolated from Eurasian Otters (Lutra lutra
Linnaeus, 1758) in Portugal. J. Wildlife Dis. 46(4), 1257-
1261.
- 27. Park NY, Lee MC, Kurkure NV, Cho HS, (2007). Canine
adenovirus type 1 infection of a Eurasian river otter (Lutra
lutra). Vet Pathol. 44, 536-539.
- 28. Reid N, Thompson D, Hayden B, Marnell F, Montgomery
WI, (2013). Review and quantitative meta-analysis of diet
suggests the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is likely to be a
poor bioindicator. Ecol. Indic. 26, 5-13.
- 29. Romanowski J, Brzeziński M, Żmihorski M, (2013).
Habitat correlates of the Eurasian otter Lutra lutra recolonizing
Central Poland. Acta Theriol. 58, 149-155.
- 30. Rubel A, Hauser B, Baumgartner R, Isenbügfel E,
(1987). Veterinärmedizinsche Prophylaxe bei der Haltung
des Europäischen Fischotter (Lutra lutra). Int Symp
Erkrankungen Zootiere. 29, 285-291.
- 31. Semedo-Lemsaddek T, Nobrega CS, Ribeiro T, Pedroso
NM, Sales-Luis T, Lemsaddek A, Tenreiro R, Tavares L,
Vilela CL, Oliveira M, (2013). Virulence traits and antibiotic
resistance among enterococci isolated from Eurasian
otter (Lutra lutra). Vet Microbiol. 163, 378-382.
- 32. Sherrard-Smith E, Chadwick E, Cable J, (2012). Abiotic
and biotic factors associated with tick population dynamics
on a mammalian host: Ixodes hexagonus infesting otters,
Lutra lutra. PLoS ONE 7(10), e47131. doi:10.1371/journal.
pone.0047131.
- 33. Shimalov VV, Shimalov VT, (2000). Findings of Fasciola
hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 in wild animals in Belorussian
Polesie. Parasitol Res. 86, 527.
- 34. Simpson VR, (2007). Health status of otters in southern
and south west England, 1996-2003. Science Report
SCO10064/SR1. Environment Agency.
- 35. Simpson VR, Hargreaves J, Birtles RJ, Marsden H, Williams
DL, (2008). Tyzzer’s disease in a Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra)
in Scotland. Vet Rec. 163, 539-543.
- 36. Simpson V, (2009). Bovine tuberculosis in Eurasian otters.
Vet Rec. 164, 789.
- 37. Sobrino R, Cabezon O, Millan J, Pabon M, Arnal MC,
Luco DF, Gortazar C, Dubey JP, Almeria S, (2007).
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild
carnivores from Spain. Vet Parasitol. 148, 187-192.
- 38. Weber H, Mecklenburg L, (2000). Malignant melanoma in
a Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 31(1),
87-90.