Florokinolon Grubu Antibiyotikleri

Bu derlemede İnsan hekimliğinden ve Veteriner Hekimlikte kullanılan yeni kuşak Kinolon grubu ilaçlardan Florokinolon grubu antibiyotikler, etki mekanizmaları , kimyasal yapıları , antibakteriyel spektrumları , fannakokinetikleri, klinik kullanımları , dirençlilik ve yan etkileri incelenmiştir. Kinolonların yapılarına Flor atomu ve Piperazin grubunun eklenmesiyle antimikrobiyel kemoterapide büyük ilerleme oluşmuştur. Bunların başlıcaları Nortfloksasin, Otloksasin, Petloksasin, Siprotloksasin, Enoksasin, Difloksasin, Danofloksasin, Fleroksasindir. Bakterisit etkili olup, replikasyon, rekombinasyon ve transkripsiyon olaylarında önemli olan bakteriyel DNAjiraz enzimini inhibe ederek DNA sentezini önlediği kabul edilmektedir. Florokinolonların etkisiyle bakteriler bölünmez ve anormal şekilde uzayarak ölürler. Florokinolonlar güçlü bakterisit etkilidirler, yan etki olasılıkları zayıf ve bakteriyel dirençlilik olguları seyrektir. Etki spekturumları geniştir. Gram ( -) aerobik patojenlerin çağuna karşı iyi bir şekilde etkili olup, Gram (+) mikroorganizmalar ve mikrobacteri türlerine karşı da etkili oldukları görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Florokinolon, Antiboyotik, Rauf AKKAYA, 1997, Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi

The antibiotics in the tluorokinolon group

In this review. the modes of effcct, chemical stnıctures. antibacterial spectnıms , pharınacokinetics , elinical usage, resistances and side effccts of the antibiotics in the in the tluorkinolon group. a new gencration of kinolon group dnıgs used in human and veterinary medicine was studied. There has been a great improvemcnt in antimicrobial chemotherapy by the addition of tl u or atom and piperazine group to the stnıcture of the kinolons. Norfloxacin, Otloxacin, Pefloxacin, Cyprofloxacin, Enoxacin, Difloxacin, Danofloxacin, Fleroxacin are principal representators of this group. They have bactericid effect and they are regarded as to prevent the DNA synthesis by the inhibition of bacterial DNA girase enzyme which has an important rol in the replication, recombination and transcriptian activities. By the effect of the fluorokinolons, the bacteria do not divide and they elongate abnormally and die. The fluorokinolons have strong bactericid cffect, their side effect probabailities are weak and the cascs of bactcrial resistance are rare. Their spectnıms are \vide. They have been found to be quite effective to most of the Gram (-) aerobic pathogens and effective to Gram (+) microorganlsms and mycobacterium species.

Keywords:

Fluorokinolon., Antibiotic,

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