Erzincan Tulum Peyniri Mayasında Katkı Maddesi Olarak Kullanılan Bitkiler

Peynir yapımında bitkilerin kullanımı çok eskilere dayanmaktadır. Halk arasında bitkiler bazen sütü mayalamak için kullanıldığı gibi bazen de peynirin daha uzun süre bozulmadan kalması için kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda Erzincan ilinin Refahiye ilçesine bağlı Yurtbaşı köyünün Kova mezrasındaki tulum peyniri üreticilerinden tulum peynirinin ve mayasının yapılışı ve kullandıkları bitkiler hakkında bilgi alınarak, peynir mayasının yapımında yaygın olarak kullandıkları 13 bitki taksonu (Globularia trichosantha subsp. trichosantha Fisch. & Mey., Primula auriculata Lam., Tripleurospermum oreades var. oreades (Boiss.) Rech. L., Thymus brachychilus Jalas, Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. chamaedrys L., Mentha longifolia subsp. longifolia (L.) Hudson, Eryngium campestre L. var. virens Link, Sanguisorba minor Scop. subsp. lasiocarpa Boiss.&Hausskn, Plantago major L. subsp. intermedia (Gilib.) Lange, Cruciata taurica (Pall. ex Willd.) Ehrend., Geranium divaricatum Ehrh., Securigera orientalis subsp. orientalis (Mill.) Lassen ve Myosotis stricta Link ex Roemer & Schultes) tespit edilmiştir. Bu bitkilerin bilimsel, yöresel ve Türkçe adları verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Peynir mayası, maya bitkileri, katkı maddesi, coğrafik işaret

Plants Used in The Rennet of Erzincan Tulum Cheese as Adjuvants

The use of plants in cheese making is based on lang syne. Plants are used by public for clotting milk as well as keeping the cheese for a long time without deterioration. We learned about recipe of Erzincan tulum cheese and its rennet, and plant components from local cheese producers from Kova hamlet, Yurtbaşı village, Refahiye region in Erzincan. Thirteen plant taxa (Cruciata taurica (Pall. ex Willd.) Ehrend., Eryngium campestre L. var. virens Link, Geranium divaricatum Ehrh., Globularia trichosantha subsp. trichosantha Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Mentha longifolia subsp. longifolia (L.) L., Myosotis stricta Roem. & Schult., Plantago major L. subsp. intermedia (Gilib.) Lange, Primula auriculata Lam., Sanguisorba minor L. subsp. lasiocarpa (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Nordborg, Securigera orientalis subsp. orientalis (Mill.) Lassen, Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. chamaedrys L., Thymus brachychilus Jalas ve Tripleurospermum oreades var. oreades (Boiss.) Rech.f.) used in rennet were discovered and their scientific names, local names and Turkish names were determined.

Keywords:

Rennet rennet plants, additive, geographical sign, patent,

PDF

___

Asakura, T., Watanabe, H., Abe, K., ve Arai, S. 1997. Oryzasin as an aspartic proteinase occurring in rice seeds: purification, characterization, and application to milk clotting. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 45(4), 1070–1075.
Aworh, O.C., ve Nakai, S. 1986. Extraction of milk clotting enzyme from Sodom apple (Calotropis procera). Journal of Food Science, 51(6), 1569–1570.
Aworh, O.C., ve Muller, H.G. 1987. Cheese-making properties of vegetable rennet from Sodom apple (Calotropis procera). Food Chemistry, 26(1), 71–79.
Bruno, M.A., Lazza, C.M., Errasti, M.E., López, L.M.I., Caffini, N.O. ve Pardo, M.F. 2010. Milk clotting and proteolytic activity of an enzyme preparation from Bromelia hieronymi fruits, LWT - Food Science and Technology, 43, (4), 695–701.
Chazarra, S., Sidrach, L., Lopez-Molina, D., ve Rodriguez-Lopez, J.N. 2007. Characterization of the milk-clotting properties of extracts from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) flowers. International Dairy Journal, 17(12), 1393–1400.
Cordeiro, M.C., Xue, Z.T., Pais, M.S., ve Brodelius, P.E. 1993. Proteases from cell suspension cultures of Cynara cardunculus. Phytochemistry, 33(6), 1323–1326
Coskun, H. ve Öztürk, B. 2000, Vitamin C contents of some herbs used in Van herby cheese (Van otlu peyniri). Nahrung, 44, 379–380.
Çalış, İ., Kırmızıbekmez, H., Rüagger, H. ve Sticher, O. 1999, Phenylethanoid glycosides from Globularia trichosantha. J. Nat. Prod., 62 (8), 1165–1168.
Çelik, S.E., Özyürek, M., Altun, M., Bektaşoğlu, B., Güçlü, K., Berker, K.I., Özgökçe, F. ve Apak, R. 2008, Antioxidant Capacities of Herbal Plants Used in the Manufacture of Van Herby Cheese: ‘Otlu Peynir’, International Journal of Food Properties, 11 (4), 747-761.
Dağdemir V. 2000, Erzincan ilinde tulum peynirinin imalat maliyeti ve pazarlama marjının belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Turk. J. Agric. For., 24, 57–61.
Dahot, M.U., Khan, M.Y. ve Memon, A.N. 1990. Screening of some Pakistani plants for milk clotting activity, Journal of Islamic Academy of Sciences, 3 (4), 284-286.
Davis, P.H. (ed.), 1965-1985. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh: Edinb. Univ. Pres, Cilt 1-9, Edinburg.
Davis P.H., Mill R.R. ve Tan K. 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl. 1). Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Egitoa, A.S., Girardetc, J.M., Lagunaa, L.E., Poirsonc, C., Molléb, D., Micloc, L., Humbertc, G. ve Gaillardc, J.L. 2006. Milk-clotting activity of enzyme extracts from sunflower and albizia seeds and specific hydrolysis of bovine κ-casein. International Dairy Journal, 17, (7), 816–825.
Freitas, C.D.T., Leite, H.B., Oliveira, J.P.B., Amaral, J.L., Egito, A.S., Vairo-Cavalli, S., Lobo, M.D.P., Monteiro-Moreira, A.C.O. ve Ramos, M.V. 2016, Insights into milk-clotting activity of latex peptidases from Calotropis procera and Cryptostegia grandiflora, Food Research International, 87, 50-59.
Ferreira, A., Proenca, C., Serralheiro, M.L.M. ve Araujo, M.E.M. 2006, The in vitro screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants from Portugal. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 108, 31–37.
Guarrera, M. P. 2003. Food medicine and minor nourishment in the folk traditions of Central Italy (Marche, Abruzzo and Latium), Fitoterapia, 74, 515–544.
Guarrera, M.P., Forti, G. ve Marignoli, S. 2005. Ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal uses of plants in the district of Acquapendente (Latium, Central Italy), Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 96, (3), 429–444.
Guillen, M.E.N., Emim, J.A.S., Souccar, C. ve Lapa, A.J., 1997, Analgesic and antiinflammatroy activities of the aqueous extract of Plantago major L. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 35, 99–104.
Gupta, C.B., ve Eskin, A M. 1977. Potential use of vegetable rennet in the production of cheese. Food Technology, 5, 62–65.
Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T. ve Başer, K.H.C. 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl. 2). Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Güner, A., Aslan, S., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. (ed). 2012. Türkiye Bitkiler Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği. (s. 1290). İstanbul.
Hajlaoui, H., Snousi, M. ve Noumi, E. 2010, Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of five Tunisian aromatic plants. Italian Journal of Food Science, 22 (3), 320-329.
Heimgartner, U., Pietrzak, M., Geertsen, R., Brodelius, P., Da Silva Figuereido, A.C., ve Pais, M.S.S. 1990. Purification and partial characterization of milk clotting proteases from flowers of Cynara cardunculus. Phytochemistry, 29(5), 1405–1410.
Jaberian, H., Piri, K. ve Nazari, J. 2013, Phytochemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some medicinal plants. Food Chemistry, 136, 237–244.
Kamber, U. 2008. The Traditional Cheeses of Turkey: Cheeses Common to All Regions, Food Reviews International, 24, 1–38.
Khan, M.R. ve Amir, M. 2012. Protease of Ficus benghalensis. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 24 (10), 4495-4498.
Korkmaz, M. ve Çam, S. Refahiye (Erzincan) İlçesinin Etnobotanik Özelliklerine Katkılar. 2. Ulusal Botanik/Bitki Bilimi Kongresi, 33, 2015, Afyonkarahisar.
Llorente, B.E., Brutti, C.B., ve Caffini, N.O. 2004. Purification and characterization of a milk-clotting aspartic proteinase from globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(24), 8182–8189.
Mavi, A., Terzi, Z. ve Özgen, U. 2004, Antioxidant properties of some medicinal plants: Prangos ferulacea (Apiaceae), Sedum sempervivoides (Crassulaceae), Malva neglecta (Malvaceae), Cruciata taurica (Rubiaceae), Rosa pimpinellifolia (Rosaceae), Galium verum subsp verum (Rubiaceae), Urtica dioica (Urticaceae). Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 27 (5), 702-705.
Nasr, A.I.A.M., Ahmed, I.A.M. ve Hamid, O.I.A. 2016. Characterization of partially purified milk- clotting enzyme from sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds. Food Science & Nutrition, 4 (5), 733-741.
Onkaş, İ. ve Korkmaz, M. 2016. Dumanlı dağları (Refahiye - Erzincan) florası. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erzincan Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzincan.
Öztürk, B., Konyalıoğlu, S., Baykan, L.Ş, 2002, Türkiye’de Doğal Yayılış Gösteren Bazı Thymus L. Taxonlarının Uçucu Yağlarının Karşılaştırmalı Antioksidan Etkileri, 14. Bitkisel İlaç Hammaddeleri Toplantısı, 29-31 Mayıs 2002, Eskişehir, s: 387-388.
Padmanabhan, S., Chitre, A., ve Shastri, N. 1993. Milk clotting protease isolated from Dieffenbachia maculata. Die Nahrung, 37, 99–101.
Sagun, E., Durmaz, H., Tarakci, Z. ve Sagdic, O. 2006, Antibacterial activities of the extracts of some herbs used in Turkish herby cheese against Listeria Monocytogenes Serovars. International Journal of Food Properties 9, 255–260.
Samuelsen A.B. 2000, The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71, 1–21.
Tamer, I.M. 1993. Identification and parcial purification of a novel milk enzyme from Onopordum turcicum. Biotechnology Letters, 15 (4), 427–432.
Tavaria, F.K., Souza, M.J., Domingos, A., Malcata, F.X., Brodelius, P., Clemente, A., ve Pais, M.S. 1997. Degradation of caseins from milk of different species by extracts of Centaurea calcitrapa. Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 45(10), 3760–3765.
Thiem, B., Goślińska, O., Kikowska, M. ve Budzianowski, J. 2010, Antimicrobial activity of three Eryngium L. species (Apiaceae). Herba Polonica, 56 (4), 52-59. Tekinsen, O.C. 2000. Dairy Technology, Selçuk University Press, (s. 210–212), Konya.
URL-1, TÜİK, 2016. 18.03.2017, http://www.asuder.org.tr/veriler/turkiyede-sut-ve-sut-urunleri/sut-urunleri-uretimi-2015/
Vairo Cavalli, S., Claver, S., Priolo, N., ve Natalucci, C. 2005. Extraction and partial characterization of a coagulant preparation from Silybum marianum flowers. Its action on bovine caseinate. Journal of Dairy Research, 72(3), 271–275.
Verissimo, P., Ramalho-Santos, M., Faro, C., ve Pires, E. 1998. A comparative study on the aspartic proteinases from different species of Cynara. In N.M.G. James (Ed.), Aspartic proteinases, 459–463, Plenum Press. New York.
Vlase, L., Benedec, D., Hanganu, D., Damian, G., Csillag, I., Sevastre, B., Mot, A.C., Silaghi-Dumitrescu, R. ve Tilea, I. 2014, Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities and Phenolic Profile for Hyssopus officinalis, Ocimum basilicum and Teucrium chamaedrys. Molecules, 19 (5), 5490-5507.
Yamaguchi, T., Yamashita, Y., Takeda, Y., ve Kiso, H. 1982. Proteolytic enzymes in green asparagus, kiwi fruit and miut: occurrence and partial characterization. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 46(8), 1983–1986.