Dijital Oyunlarda İhlal Biçimleri

Dijital oyunlar çağımızın en popüler iletişim ortamlarından biri haline gelmiş durumdadır. Genelde oyunlar ve özelde dijital oyunlar sıklıkla belli normları takip eden nitelikleriyle değerlendirilmektedir, ancak tarih boyunca oyunlar ihlallerin de alanı olmuştur. İhlal belirli bir sınırın, limitin geçilmesi, bir kuralın çiğnenmesi anlamına gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada oyunlardaki ve oyunlarla ilgili ihlal biçimleri incelenmektedir. Oyun ve gerçek yaşam ayrımı ihlale konu ilk sınırdır, ancak oyunlarla ilgili tek sınır bu değildir. Oyunların kuralları veya bir bütün olarak oyun alanı da ihlale konu olabilir. Oyunlardaki temsiller üzerinden toplumsal kurallar, yasaklar ve tabularla oynamak bazı oyunların esas öğesidir. Bu çalışma iletişim bilimleri ile kesişen dijital oyun çalışmalarının ve oyun biçimcilik olarak da anılan ludolojinin yöntemlerini kullanarak ihlal biçimleri ve örneklerini ele almaktadır. İhlal biçimlerini anlamlandırabilmek için öncelikle oyunların ihlale imkân veren nitelikleri ve oyun tanımları üzerinde durulmuştur. İhlal biçimleri belirlendikten sonra ihlal sınıflamaları ele alınmış ve var olan çalışmalarda eksik bırakılan bazı nitelikleri içerecek şekilde yeni bir sınıflama önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İletişim Bilimleri, Dijital Oyunlar, İhlal, Yeni Medya, Oyun Çalışmaları

Forms of Transgression in Digital Games

Digital games have become the most popular medium of our times. Games are often evaluated with their playful qualities that follow certain norms, but throughout history, games have also been the site of transgression. Transgression means crossing of a border or breaking rules. In this study, the forms of transgression in and around games are examined. The distinction between play and real life is the first boundary to be transgressed, but it is not the only boundary related to games. Rules of games or the space of play can also be transgressed. Playing with social rules, laws and taboos through the representations in games is the main element of some game genres. This study examines forms of transgression, using methods of game studies that intersect with communication sciences and ludology, also known as game formalism. To better understand forms of transgression, first, game definitions and certain characteristics of games which allow transgression are analyzed. After different transgression forms are determined, categories of transgressive play are discussed. Finally, with evaluation of missing qualities in existing categorizations, a different classification is proposed.

Keywords:

Communication Sciences, Digital Games, Transgression, New Media, Game Studies,

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