ULUSLARARASI SİSTEMDE ÜLKELERİN ELLE TUTULAMAYAN RAKİP İLE MÜCADELESİ: ULUSLARARASI GÜVENLİK AÇISINDAN KÜRESEL ISINMA PROBLEMİ

21.yüzyılın en önemli problemlerinden biri olan küresel ısınma probleminin, dünya üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri her alanda görülmekte ve insanın yaşam kalitesi her geçen gün azalmaktadır. Küresel ısınmaya bağlı olarak, ekilebilir tarım arazilerinin çölleşmesi, içme ve kullanım sularının kıtlaşması, sanayileşmeye bağlı kirli havanın solunması, yetişmesi kimi türler için çok uzun yıllar alan ve kirli havanın temizliğinde doğal akciğer olan orman alanlarının işlevlerini kaybederek yerini peyzaj ve görselliğe bırakması, tabiattaki canlı nesillerinin tüm bu olumsuzluklardan etkilenerek popülasyon kaybına uğraması genel olarak yaşam kalitesini azaltan nedenler arasında sayılabilir. Bu çalışmada, küresel ısınmaya bağlı tüm olumsuzlukların, uluslararası boyutta insan yaşamı güvenliğini tehdit etmesi üzerinde durulmaktadır. Küresel ısınma insanın, ülkelerin ve dolayısıyla ulus-devletlerin çevre kapsamında ele alınan bir güvenlik sorununu teşkil etmektedir. Ancak çevre kavramı kapsamında “masum” gözüken bu tehdit aynı zamanda, bölgesel ve uluslararası krizlerin de arka plandaki tetikleyicisi olabilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma, küresel ısınmanın yaratacağı, sosyo-ekonomik durgunluk, kriz ve göç hareketlerinin siyasi sonuçlarının önemsenmesine vurgu yapılmaktadır. Çalışmada, küresel ısınmaya ilişkin literatür taraması yapılmakta, dünyadaki belli bölgelerdeki ısı anormalliğini gösteren değerler grafik, tablo ve haritalar ile gösterilmektedir. Çalışmanın sınırlılıkları kapsamında, bazı bölgeler inceleme kapsamından çıkarılmaktadır. Isı anormalliği göstergelerinde yakın dönem olarak 2005-2020 yılları temel alınmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, ısı anormalliğinin devam ettiği ve bunun da çevre faktörlerini bozarak yakın gelecekte uluslararası bir güvenlik problemi yarattığı görülmektedir. Bu durumda, dünyayı ve insanoğlunu tehdit eden küresel ısınma problemi karşısında, ülkelerin bulundukları konumun jeopolitik açıdan önemsenmesi yerine dünyanın uzaydaki konumunun jeopolitik açıdan önemsenmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Küresel ısınma, iklim değişimi, çevre sorunu

THE STRUGGLE OF COUNTRIES WITH THE INTANGIBLE CHALLENGER IN THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM: GLOBAL WARMING PROBLEM IN TERMS OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

The negative effects of the problem of global warming, which is one of the most important problems of the 21st century, are observed in all areas and the quality of life of people is decreasing day by day. In general, the decreasing life quality reasons can be listed such as depending on global warming, the desertification of arable agricultural land, the scarcity of drinking and service water, the inhalation of polluted air due to heavy industrialization, the loss of functions of the forests, of which the growth takes long years for some species and which are natural lungs for the cleaning of polluted air, and give up in fact their place to the landscape and the urban visual concepts, while the loss of the nature population is another trauma, affected by all these negative factors. In this study, it is emphasized that all the negative factors linked to global warming are threatening human security at the international level. Global warming poses a security problem which is dealt with in the environmental context of people, countries and therefore nation states. However, this apparently seeming as "innocent threat" in the context of the environment concept can also be the trigger for the background of regional and international crises. In this context, this study highlights the importance of the political consequences of socio-economic stagnation, crises and migratory movements caused by global warming. In the study, a review of the literature relating to global warming is carried out and the values projecting the temperature anomaly in certain regions of the world are shown with graphs, tables and maps. Certain regions are excluded from the scope of the study of this work. In the thermal anomaly indicators, the years 2005–2020 are taken as the basis. As a result of the study, it is observed that the temperature anomaly continues, and this creates an international security problem in the near future by disrupting environmental factors. In this case, faced with the problem of global warming threatening the world and human beings, the importance of the geopolitics of the Earth in space must be considered instead of the geopolitics of countries where they are located in the world.

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