ÖĞRENCİLERİN OKUL DIŞI ETKİNLİKLERE AYIRDIKLARI SÜRELER VE MATEMATİK BAŞARISI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Bu çalışmada öğrencilerin matematik başarısı ile okul dışındaki etkinliklere ayırdıkları süreler arasındaki ilişki ev kaynakları ve ebeveyn eğitim düzeyi control edilerek incelenmiştir. Uluslararası Fen ve Matematik Çalışmalarındaki Eğilimler (TIMSS) 2007 verileri, 4498 Türk öğrenci için çoklu regresyon analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Ödev yapma, televizyon izleme, arkadaşları ile vakit geçirme en çok zaman ayrılan etkinlikler olmasına rağmen matematik başarısı ile anlamlı ilişkileri bulunamamıştır. Ev kaynakları ve ebeveyn eğitim düzeyi matematik başarısı ile pozitif anlamlı ilişkilidir. Ev işlerine yardım etme, ücretli bir işte çalışma, bilgisyarda oyun oynama, spor yapma, internet kullanma, ders dışı kitap okuma ise matematik başarısı ile negatif ilişkili bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin cinsiyetlerine ve akademik başarı düzeylerine göre matematik başarısı ile farklı okul dışı etkinliklerin ilişkisinin farklılık gösterdiği bulunmuştur.

EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TIME SPENT ON LEISURE ACTIVITIES OF STUDENTS' AND THEIR ACHIEVEMENTS IN MATHEMATICS

This study examined the time spent in out-of-school activities and their relationships with students' mathematics achievement after home resources and parents education level was checked. Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2007 data was analyzed for 4498 Turkish 8th graders by multiple regression analysis. Although doing homework, watching television and playing with friends were the mostly done activities, there was no significant relationship between their achievements in mathematics and these activities. Home resources and parent education level were positive predictors' in achievement maths. Working at home, working at a paid job, playing with computers, doing sports, using the internet, reading for leisure were the significant negative predictors of achievement. The relationship between the activities and mathematics achievement has shown different patterns in terms of gender and different academic achievement.

___

  • Anderson, R. C.,Wilson, P. & Fielding, L., 1988. Growth in reading and how children spend their time outside of school. Reading Research Quarterly 23: 285–303.
  • Bartko, W. T.,& Eccles, J. S. (2003). Adolescent participation in structured and unstructured activities: A person-orientated analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32, 2332
  • Bayraktar, F.,& Gun, Z. (2007). Incidence and correlates of Internet usage among adolescents in North Cyprus. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(2), 191–197.
  • Coleman, J. S., (1961). The Adolescent Society. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
  • Comstock, G. (1991). Television and the American child. New York: Academic Press.
  • Cooper, H., Robinson, J. C., & Patall, E. A. (2006). Does homework improve academic achievement? A synthesis of research, 1987-2003. Review of Educational Research, 76(1), 1-62.
  • Cooper, H., Valentine, J. C., Nye, B., & Lindsay, J. (1999). Relationships between five afterschool activities and academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 369-37
  • Crosnoe, R. & Trinitapoli, J. (2008). Shared family activities and the transition from childhood into adolescence. Journal of Research Adolescence, 18, 23–48.
  • Cunningham, A. E.,& Stanovich, K.E., (1991). Tracking the unique effects of print exposure in children: Associations with vocabulary, general knowledge, and spelling. Journal of Educational Psychology 83(2): 264–274.
  • Dwyer, T., Sallis, J.F., Blizzard, L., Lazarus, R. & Dean, K., (2001). Relation of academic performance to physical activity and fitness in chidren. Pediatric Exercise Science, 13, 225-2
  • Field, T., Diego, M., & Sanders, C. E. (2001). Exercise is positively related to adolescents' relationships and academics. Adolescence, 36, 105-110.
  • Fuchs, T. & Woessmann, L., (2004), "Computers and Student Learning: Bivariate and Multivariate Evidence on the Availability and Use of Computers at Home and at School", CESIFO Working Paper 1321.
  • Gaddy, G. D., (1986). Television's impact on high school achievement. Public Opinion Quarterly, 50, 340-359.
  • Garton, A. F., Harvey, R., & Price, C. (2004). The influence of perceived family environment on adolescent leisure participation. Australian Journal of Psychology, 56, 18-24.
  • Garton, A. F., & Pratt, C. (1991). Leisure activities of adolescent school students: Predictions of participation and interest. Journal of Adolescence, 14, 305-321.
  • Gencer, S. L. ve Koç, M. (2012). Internet Abuse among Teenagers and Its Relations to Internet Usage Patterns and Demographics. Educational Technology & Society, 15 (2), 25–
  • Greaney, V., (1980). Factors related to amount and type of leisure reading. Reading Research Quarterly 15: 337–57.
  • Gross, E. F., (2004). Adolescent Internet use: What we expect, what teens report. Applied Development Psychology, 25, 633–649.
  • Guthrie, J. T.,& Greaney, V., (1991). Literacy acts. In Handbook of reading research. vol. II. Edited by R. Barr, M. L. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, and P. D. Pearson. New York: Longman.
  • Haveman, R.,& Wolfe, B. (1995). The determinants of children’s attainments: A review of methods and findings. Journal of EconomicLiterature, 33, 1829–1878.
  • Henry, A. D. (1998). Development of a measure of adolescent leisure interests. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 52(7), 531–539.
  • Hofferth, S. L.,& Sandberg, J. F. (2001). How American children spend their time. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 295–308.
  • Holland, A. & Andre, T., (1987). “Participation in Extracurricular Activities in Secondary School: What Is Known, What Needs to Be Known?” Review of Educational Research 57, 437–66.
  • Klebanov, P. K., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Duncan, G. J. (1994). Does neighborhood and family poverty affect mothers’ parenting, mental health, and social support? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, 441–455.
  • Larson, R. W.,& Verma, S. (1999). How children and adolescents spend time across the world: Work, play, and developmental opportunities. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), 701-7).
  • Larson, R.W. (2000). Towards a psychology of positive youth development. American Psychologist, 55, 170–183.
  • Lei, J. & Zhou, J. (2012). Digital Divide: How Do Home Internet Access and Parental Support Affect Student Outcomes? Education, 2, 45-53.
  • Mahoney, J. L.,& Stattin, H. (2000). Leisure activities and adolescent antisocial behavior: The role of structure and social context. Journal of Adolescence, 23, 113–127.
  • Marsh, H. & Kleitman, S.,(2005). Consequences of employment during high school: Character building, subversion of academic goals, or a threshold? American Educational Research Journal , 42: 331–69.
  • McHale, S. M., Crouter, A. C., & Tucker, C. J. (2001). Free-time activities in middle childhood: Links with adjustment in early adolescence. Child Development, 72, 61-70. McMeeking, D.,& Purkayastha, B. (1995). "I can't have my mom running me everywhere": Adolescents, leisure and accessibility. Journal of Leisure Research, 27, 360-379.
  • Pedersen, S.,& Seidman, E. (2005). Contexts and correlates of out-of-school activity participation among low-income urban adolescents. In J. L. Mahoney, R. Larson & J. S. Eccles (Eds.), Organized activities as contexts of development: Extracurricular activities, after-school and community programs (pp. 85-109). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Posner, J. K.,& Vandell, D. L. (1999). After-school activities and the development of lowincome urban children: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 35(3), 868– 87
  • Post, D. & Pong, S., (2009). The academic effects of after-school paid and unpaid work among 14-year-old students in TIMSS countries. Compare, 39, 6, 799-818.
  • Shaw, S. M., Kleiber, D. A., & Caldwell, L. L. (1995). Leisure and identity formation in male and female adolescents: A preliminary examination. Journal of Leisure Research, 27, 245-26
  • Simpkins, S. D., Ripke, M., Huston, A. C., & Eccles, J. S. (2005). Predicting participation and outcomes in out-of-school activities: Similarities and differences across social ecologies. NewDirections for Youth Development, 105, 51–69.
  • Şişman, M., Acat, M. B., Aypay, A., & Karadağ, E. (2011). TIMSS 2007 ulusal matematik raporu: 8. Sınıflar. Ankara: EARGED Yayınları.
  • Taras, H., (2005). Physical activity and student performance at school. Journal of school health, 75, 214-218.
  • Taylor, B., Frye, P. & Maruyama, G., (1990). Time spent reading and reading growth. American Educational Research Journal 27: 442–51.
  • Tyler, J. H., (2003). Using state child labor laws to identify the effect of school-year work on high school achievement. Journal of Labor Economics 21: 381–408. van Roosmalen, E.,& Krahn, H. (1996). Boundaries of youth. Youth and Society, 28, 3-39.
  • Vigdor, J. L. & Ladd, H. F. (2010). Scaling the Digital Divide: Home Computer Technology and Student Achievement. NBER Working Paper No. 16078. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Wenglinsky, H. (1998). Does it compute? The relationship between educational technology and student achievement in mathematic. Policy Information Center,Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ.
  • Wirth, J. & Eckhard, K., (2003). Computernutzung. In: Deutsches PISA-Konsortium (ed.), PISA 2000: Ein differenzierter Blick auf die Länder der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: 195-20 Opladen: Leske + Budrich.
  • Won, S.J. & Han, S. (2010). Out-of-School Activities and Achievement among Middle School Students in the U.S. and South Korea. Journal of Advanced Academics, 21, 4, 628-66